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exploit labour

Толкование Перевод

1 exploit labour

Макаров: эксплуатировать труд

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > exploit labour
2 exploit

гл.

1) общ. использовать (что-л. для достижения своих интересов)

to fully exploit the potential of IT — полностью использовать возможности информационных технологий

Syn:

use, utilize

2) эк. прир. разрабатывать; использовать (месторождение, почву и т. д.)

75% of major marine fisheries are fully exploited. — 75% основных рыбных ресурсов моря полностью используются.

See:

overexploit

3) маркс. эксплуатировать

to exploit labour power — эксплуатировать рабочую силу

See:

exploitation

* * *
1) эксплуатировать; 2) разрабатывать месторождение; 3) использовать в своих интересах.

Англо-русский экономический словарь > exploit
3 эксплуатировать труд

to exploit labour

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > эксплуатировать труд
4 work

1. noun
1) no pl., no indef. art. Arbeit, die

at work — (engaged in working) bei der Arbeit; (fig.): (operating) am Werk (see also academic.ru/23063/e">e)

be at work on something — an etwas (Dat.) arbeiten; (fig.) auf etwas (Akk.) wirken

set to work — [Person:] sich an die Arbeit machen

set somebody to work — jemanden an die Arbeit schicken

all work and no play — immer nur arbeiten

have one's work cut out — viel zu tun haben; sich ranhalten müssen (ugs.)

2) (thing made or achieved) Werk, das

a good day's work — eine gute Tagesleistung

do a good day's work — ein tüchtiges Stück Arbeit hinter sich bringen

is that all your own work? — hast du das alles selbst gemacht?

work of art — Kunstwerk, das

3) (book, piece of music) Werk, das

a work of reference/literature/art — ein Nachschlagewerk/literarisches Werk/Kunstwerk

4) in pl. (of author or composer) Werke

5) (employment) Arbeit, die

out of work — arbeitslos; ohne Arbeit

be in work — eine Stelle haben

go out to work — arbeiten gehen

at work — (place of employment) auf der Arbeit (see also a)

from work — von der Arbeit

6) in pl., usu. constr. as sing. (factory) Werk, das

7) in pl. (Mil.) Werke; Befestigungen

8) in pl. (operations of building etc.) Arbeiten

9) in pl. (machine's operative parts) Werk, das

10) in pl. (coll.): (all that can be included)

the [whole/full] works — der ganze Kram (ugs.)

give somebody the works — (fig.) (give somebody the best possible treatment) jemandem richtig verwöhnen (ugs.); (give somebody the worst possible treatment) jemanden fertig machen (salopp)
2. intransitive verb,
worked or (arch./literary) wrought

1) arbeiten

work to rule — Dienst nach Vorschrift machen

work for a cause — etc. für eine Sache usw. arbeiten

work against something — (impede) einer Sache (Dat.) entgegenstehen

2) (function effectively) funktionieren; [Charme:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)

make the washing machine/television work — die Waschmaschine/den Fernsehapparat in Ordnung bringen

3) [Rad, Getriebe, Kette:] laufen

4) (be craftsman)

work in a material — mit od. (fachspr.) in einem Material arbeiten

5) [Faktoren, Einflüsse:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)

work against — arbeiten gegen; see also work on

6) (make its/one's way) sich schieben

work loose — sich lockern

work round to a question — (fig.) sich zu einer Frage vorarbeiten
3. transitive verb,
worked or (arch./literary) wrought

1) (operate) bedienen [Maschine]; fahren [Schiff]; betätigen [Bremse]

worked by electricity — elektrisch betrieben

2) (get labour from) arbeiten lassen

3) (get material from) ausbeuten [Steinbruch, Grube]

4) (operate in or on) [Vertreter:] bereisen

5) (control) steuern

6) (effect) bewirken [Änderung]; wirken [Wunder]

work it or things so that... — (coll.) es deichseln, dass... (ugs.)

7) (cause to go gradually) führen

work one's way up/into something — sich hocharbeiten/in etwas (Akk.) hineinarbeiten

8) (get gradually) bringen

work oneself into a position — sich in eine Position hocharbeiten

9) (knead, stir)

work something into something — etwas zu etwas verarbeiten; (mix in) etwas unter etwas (Akk.) rühren

10) (gradually excite)

work oneself into a state/a rage — sich aufregen/in einen Wutanfall hineinsteigern

11) (make by needlework etc.) arbeiten; aufsticken [Muster] (on auf + Akk.)

12) (purchase, obtain with labour) abarbeiten; (fig.)

work one's keep — für sein Geld etwas leisten

she worked her way through college — sie hat sich (Dat.) ihr Studium selbst verdient; see also passage 6)

Phrasal Verbs:

- work away

- work in

- work off

- work on

- work out

- work through

- work towards

- work up

* * *
[wə:k] 1. noun
1) (effort made in order to achieve or make something: He has done a lot of work on this project) die Arbeit

2) (employment: I cannot find work in this town.) die Arbeit

3) (a task or tasks; the thing that one is working on: Please clear your work off the table.) die Arbeit

4) (a painting, book, piece of music etc: the works of Van Gogh / Shakespeare/Mozart; This work was composed in 1816.) das Werk

5) (the product or result of a person's labours: His work has shown a great improvement lately.) die Arbeit

6) (one's place of employment: He left (his) work at 5.30 p.m.; I don't think I'll go to work tomorrow.) die Arbeit
2. verb
1) (to (cause to) make efforts in order to achieve or make something: She works at the factory three days a week; He works his employees very hard; I've been working on/at a new project.) arbeiten

2) (to be employed: Are you working just now?) arbeiten

3) (to (cause to) operate (in the correct way): He has no idea how that machine works / how to work that machine; That machine doesn't/won't work, but this one's working.) funktionieren

4) (to be practicable and/or successful: If my scheme works, we'll be rich!) klappen

5) (to make (one's way) slowly and carefully with effort or difficulty: She worked her way up the rock face.) sich arbeiten

6) (to get into, or put into, a stated condition or position, slowly and gradually: The wheel worked loose.) sich arbeiten

7) (to make by craftsmanship: The ornaments had been worked in gold.) arbeiten

•

- -work
- workable
- worker
- works 3. noun plural
1) (the mechanism (of a watch, clock etc): The works are all rusted.) das Werk

2) (deeds, actions etc: She's devoted her life to good works.) das Werk

•

- work-basket
- work-box
- workbook
- workforce
- working class
- working day
- work-day
- working hours
- working-party
- work-party
- working week
- workman
- workmanlike
- workmanship
- workmate
- workout
- workshop
- at work
- get/set to work
- go to work on
- have one's work cut out
- in working order
- out of work
- work of art
- work off
- work out
- work up
- work up to
- work wonders
* * *

work

[wɜ:k, AM wɜ:rk]

I. NOUN

1. no pl (useful activity) Arbeit f; ( fig)

to be at \work am Werk sein

forces of destruction are at \work here hier sind zerstörerische Kräfte am Werk

various factors are at \work in this situation in dieser Situation spielen verschiedene Faktoren eine Rolle

good \work! gute Arbeit!

there's a lot of \work to be done yet es gibt noch viel zu tun

the garden needs a lot of \work im Garten muss [so] einiges gemacht werden

\work on the tunnel has been suspended die Arbeiten am Tunnel wurden vorübergehend eingestellt

did you manage to get a bit of \work done? konntest du ein bisschen arbeiten?

construction/repair \work Bau-/Reparaturarbeiten pl

research \work Forschungsarbeit f

it's hard \work doing sth (strenuous) es ist anstrengend, etw zu tun; (difficult) es ist schwierig, etw zu tun

to be at \work doing sth [gerade] damit beschäftigt sein, etw zu tun

to get [or go] [or set] to \work sich akk an die Arbeit machen

to get [or go] [or set] to \work on sth sich akk an etw akk machen

to make \work for sb jdm Arbeit machen

to make \work for oneself sich dat unnötige Arbeit machen

to put [or set] sb to \work doing sth jdn [damit] beauftragen, etw zu tun

2. no pl (employment) Arbeit f

what sort of \work do you have experience in? über welche Berufserfahrung verfügen Sie?

she's got \work as a translator sie hat Arbeit [o eine Stelle] als Übersetzerin gefunden

to look for \work auf Arbeitssuche sein

he's looking for \work as a system analyst er sucht Arbeit [o eine Stelle] als Systemanalytiker

to be in \work Arbeit [o eine Stelle] haben

to be out of \work arbeitslos sein

3. no pl (place of employment) Arbeit f, Arbeitsplatz m

to be late for \work zu spät zur Arbeit kommen

to have to stay late at \work lange arbeiten müssen

to be at \work bei der Arbeit sein

to be off \work frei haben; (without permission) fehlen

to be off \work sick sich akk krankgemeldet haben

to commute to \work pendeln

to get to \work by car/on the train mit dem Auto/mit dem Zug zur Arbeit fahren

to go/travel to \work zur Arbeit gehen/fahren

to be injured at \work einen Arbeitsunfall haben

to ring sb from \work jdn von der Arbeit [aus] anrufen

4. (construction, repairs)

▪ \works pl Arbeiten pl

building/road \works Bau-/Straßenarbeiten pl

5. no pl (result, product) Arbeit f; (act) Werk nt

this is the \work of professional thieves das ist das Werk professioneller Diebe

good \works REL gute Werke

6. ART, LIT, MUS Werk nt

‘The Complete W\works of William Shakespeare’ ‚Shakespeares gesammelte Werke‘

\works of art Kunstwerke pl

\work in bronze Bronzearbeiten pl

\work in leather aus Leder gefertigte Arbeiten

sb's early/later \work jds Früh-/Spätwerk nt

to show one's \work in a gallery seine Arbeiten in einer Galerie ausstellen

7. (factory)

▪ \works + sing/pl vb Werk nt, Fabrik f

steel \works Stahlwerk nt

8. (working parts)

▪ \works pl of a clock Uhrwerk nt; of a machine Getriebe nt

9. ( fam: everything)

▪ the \works pl das ganze Drum und Dran kein pl fam

two large pizzas with the \works, please! esp AM zwei große Pizzen mit allem bitte!

10. no pl PHYS Arbeit f

11. MIL

▪ \works pl Befestigungen pl

12.

▶ to be a [real] piece of \work ( fam) ganz schön nervig sein fam

▶ to have one's \work cut out ( fam) sich akk mächtig reinknien müssen fam

▶ to get [or go] [or set] to \work on sb ( fam) jdn bearbeiten fam

▶ to give sb the \works ( dated sl) jdn [ordentlich] in die Mangel nehmen fam

II. NOUN MODIFIER

1. (climate, report, week) Arbeits-

\work clothes Arbeitskleidung f

\work speed Arbeitstempo nt

2.

▪ \works (canteen, inspection) Werks-

\works premises Werksgelände nt

III. INTRANSITIVE VERB

1. (do a job) arbeiten

where do you \work? wo arbeiten Sie?

to \work as an accountant als Buchhalter arbeiten

to \work a twelve-hour day/a forty-hour week zwölf Stunden am Tag/vierzig Stunden in der Woche arbeiten

to \work from home zu Hause [o von zu Hause aus] arbeiten

to \work at the hospital/abroad im Krankenhaus/im Ausland arbeiten

to \work like a slave [or AM, AUS dog] ( fam) wie ein Tier schuften fam

to \work like a Trojan BRIT wie ein Pferd arbeiten fam

to \work hard hart arbeiten

to \work together zusammenarbeiten

▪ to \work with sb mit jdm zusammenarbeiten

2. (be busy, active) arbeiten

we're \working to prevent it happening again wir bemühen uns [o arbeiten daran], so etwas in Zukunft zu verhindern

to \work towards a degree in biology einen Hochschulabschluss in Biologie anstreben

▪ to \work at/on sth an etw dat arbeiten

we're \working on it wir arbeiten daran

to \work at a problem an einem Problem arbeiten

to \work hard at doing sth hart daran arbeiten, etw zu tun

▪ to \work for/towards sth auf etw akk hinwirken [o hinarbeiten

3. (have an effect) sich auswirken

to \work both ways sich sowohl positiv als auch negativ auswirken

▪ to \work in sb's favour sich zu jds Gunsten auswirken

▪ to \work against sb/sth sich negativ für jdn/auf etw akk auswirken

4. (function) funktionieren; generator, motor laufen

my cell phone doesn't \work mein Handy geht nicht

the boiler seems to be \working okay der Boiler scheint in Ordnung zu sein

I can't get this washing machine to \work ich kriege die Waschmaschine irgendwie nicht zum Laufen

to \work off batteries batteriebetrieben sein

to \work off the mains BRIT mit Netzstrom arbeiten

to \work off wind power mit Windenergie arbeiten

5. (be successful) funktionieren, klappen fam; plan, tactics aufgehen

to \work in practice [auch] in der Praxis funktionieren

6. MED medicine, pill wirken

7. (be based)

to \work on the assumption/idea that... von der Annahme/Vorstellung ausgehen, dass...

8. (move)

to \work free/loose sich lösen/lockern

▪ to \work down clothes runterrutschen fam

to \work windward NAUT gegen den Wind segeln

9. ( liter: change expression) arbeiten; (contort) sich verzerren

10. NAUT

to \work windward [hart] am Wind segeln

11.

▶ to \work like a charm [or like magic] Wunder bewirken

▶ to \work till you drop ( fam) bis zum Umfallen arbeiten

▶ to \work on sb jdn bearbeiten fam

IV. TRANSITIVE VERB

1. (make work)

to \work oneself to death ( fam) sich akk zu Tode arbeiten [o fam schinden]

to \work sb/oneself hard jdm/sich viel abverlangen

2. (operate)

▪ to \work sth machine etw bedienen; piece of equipment etw betätigen

to be \worked by electricity/steam elektrisch/dampfgetrieben sein

to be \worked by wind power durch Windenergie angetrieben werden

3. (move)

▪ to \work sth out of sth etw aus etw dat herausbekommen

to \work one's way through an article/a book sich akk durch einen Artikel/ein Buch durcharbeiten

to \work one's way through a crowd/out of a crowded room sich dat einen Weg durch die Menge/aus einem überfüllten Zimmer bahnen

to \work one's way down a list eine Liste durchgehen

to \work one's way up sich akk hocharbeiten

he's \worked his way up through the firm er hat sich in der Firma hochgearbeitet

to \work sth free/loose etw losbekommen/lockern

sth \works itself free/loose etw löst/lockert sich akk

to \work sth [backwards and forwards] etw [hin- und her]bewegen

▪ sth \works itself out of sth etw löst sich aus etw dat

4. (bring about)

▪ to \work sth etw bewirken

I don't know how she \worked it! ich weiß nicht, wie sie das geschafft hat!

to \work oneself into a more positive frame of mind sich dat eine positivere Lebenseinstellung erarbeiten

to \work a cure eine Heilung herbeiführen

to \work a miracle ein Wunder vollbringen

to \work miracles [or wonders] [wahre] Wunder vollbringen

5. (get)

to \work oneself into a frenzy [or rage] in Rage geraten fam

to \work sb into a frenzy [or rage] jdn in Rage bringen fam

to \work oneself into a state sich akk aufregen

to \work sb into a state of jealousy jdn eifersüchtig machen

6. (shape)

▪ to \work sth etw bearbeiten

to \work clay Ton formen

7. (mix, rub)

▪ to \work sth into sth etw in etw akk einarbeiten; food etw mit etw dat vermengen; (incorporate) etw in etw akk einbauen [o einfügen]

to \work the ingredients together die Zutaten [miteinander] vermengen

to \work sth into the skin (rub) die Haut mit etw dat einreiben; (massage) etw in die Haut einmassieren

8. (embroider)

▪ to \work sth etw [auf]sticken

to \work a monogram on sth etw mit einem Monogramm besticken, ein Monogramm auf etw akk sticken

9. (cultivate)

to \work the land das Land bewirtschaften; (exploit)

to \work a mine/quarry eine Mine/einen Steinbruch ausbeuten

10. (cover)

to \work the inner city [area]/the East Side für die Innenstadt/die East Side zuständig sein

11. (pay for by working)

to \work one's passage sich dat seine Überfahrt durch Arbeit auf dem Schiff verdienen

to \work one's way through university sich dat sein Studium finanzieren

12.

▶ to \work one's fingers to the bone [for sb] ( fam) sich dat [für jdn] den Rücken krumm arbeiten fam

▶ to \work a treat BRIT ( fam) prima funktionieren fam

* * *
[wɜːk]
1. n

1) (= toil, labour, task) Arbeit f

have you got any work for me? — haben Sie was für mich zu tun?

he doesn't like work — er arbeitet nicht gern

that's a good piece of work — das ist gute Arbeit

is this all your own work? — haben Sie das alles selbst gemacht?

closed for work on the roof — wegen (Reparatur)arbeiten am Dach geschlossen

when work begins on the new bridge — wenn die Arbeiten an der neuen Brücke anfangen

to be at work (on sth) ( — an etw dat ) arbeiten

there are forces at work which... — es sind Kräfte am Werk, die...

it's the work of the devil — das ist Teufelswerk or ein Machwerk des Teufels

to do a good day's work — ein schönes Stück Arbeit leisten

nice or good work! — gut or super (inf) gemacht!

we've a lot of work to do before this choir can give a concert — wir haben noch viel zu tun, ehe dieser Chor ein Konzert geben kann

you need to do some more work on your accent/your technique — Sie müssen noch an Ihrem Akzent/an Ihrer Technik arbeiten

to get or set to work on sth — sich an etw (acc) machen

I've been trying to get some work done — ich habe versucht zu arbeiten

to put a lot of work into sth — eine Menge Arbeit in etw (acc) stecken

it's in the works (inf) — es ist in der Mache (inf)

to get on with one's work — sich (wieder) an die Arbeit machen

to make short or quick work of sb/sth — mit jdm/etw kurzen Prozess machen

to make work for sb — jdm Arbeit machen

time/the medicine had done its work — die Zeit/Arznei hatte ihr Werk vollbracht/ihre Wirkung getan

the work of a moment — eine Angelegenheit von Sekunden

it was hard work for the old car to get up the hill — das alte Auto hatte beim Anstieg schwer zu schaffen

2) (= employment, job) Arbeit f

to be (out) at work — arbeiten sein

to go out to work — arbeiten gehen

to be out of work — arbeitslos sein

to be in work — eine Stelle haben

he travels to work by car — er fährt mit dem Auto zur Arbeit

do you live close to your work? — hast du es weit zur Arbeit?

how long does it take you to get to work? — wie lange brauchst du, um zu deiner Arbeitsstelle zu kommen?

at work — an der Arbeitsstelle, am Arbeitsplatz

what is your work? — was tun Sie (beruflich)?

to put or throw sb out of work — jdn arbeitslos machen

to be off work — (am Arbeitsplatz) fehlen

3) (= product) Arbeit f; (ART, LITER) Werk nt

a work of art — ein Kunstwerk nt

a work of reference — ein Nachschlagewerk nt

a work of literature — ein literarisches Werk

a fine piece of work — eine schöne Arbeit

good works — gute Werke pl

a chance for artists to show their work — eine Gelegenheit für Künstler, ihre Arbeiten or Werke zu zeigen

4) pl (MIL) Befestigungen pl

5) pl (MECH) Getriebe, Innere(s) nt; (of watch, clock) Uhrwerk nt

6) sing or pl (Brit: factory) Betrieb m, Fabrik f

gas/steel works — Gas-/Stahlwerk nt

works gate — Fabrik- or Werkstor nt

works outing — Betriebsausflug m

7) (inf)pl alles Drum und Dran

we had fantastic food, wine, brandy, the works — es gab tolles Essen, Wein, Kognak, alle Schikanen (inf)

he was giving his opponent the works — er machte seinen Gegner nach allen Regeln der Kunst fertig (inf)

2. vi

1) person arbeiten (at an +dat)

to work toward(s)/for sth — auf etw (acc) hin/für etw arbeiten

to work for better conditions etc — sich für bessere Bedingungen etc einsetzen

to work against a reform — gegen eine Reform kämpfen

or favor (US) — diese Faktoren, die gegen uns/zu unseren Gunsten arbeiten

2) (= function, operate) funktionieren; (plan) funktionieren, klappen (inf); (medicine, spell) wirken; (= be successful) klappen (inf)

it won't work — das klappt nicht

"not working" (lift etc) — "außer Betrieb"

to get sth working — etw in Gang bringen

it works by or on electricity — es läuft auf Strom

it works both ways — es trifft auch andersherum zu

but this arrangement will have to work both ways — aber diese Abmachung muss für beide Seiten gelten

3) (yeast) arbeiten, treiben

4) (mouth, face) zucken; (jaws) mahlen

5)

(= move gradually) to work loose — sich lockern

to work along — sich entlangarbeiten

to work round (wind, object) — sich langsam drehen (to nach)

he worked (a)round to asking her — er hat sich aufgerafft, sie zu fragen

OK, I'm working (a)round to it — okay, das mache ich schon noch

3. vt

1) (= make work) staff, employees, students arbeiten lassen, herannehmen (inf), schinden (pej)

to work oneself/sb hard — sich/jdn nicht schonen

he works himself too hard — er übernimmt sich

to work oneself to death — sich zu Tode arbeiten

2) (= operate) machine bedienen; lever, brake betätigen

to work sth by electricity/hand — etw elektrisch/mit Hand betreiben

can we work that trick again? — können wir den Trick noch einmal anbringen or anwenden?

3) (= bring about) change, cure bewirken, herbeiführen

to work mischief — Unheil anrichten

to work it ( so that...) (inf) — es so deichseln(, dass...) (inf)

to work one's passage — seine Überfahrt abarbeiten

you don't have to work your notice — Sie brauchen Ihre Kündigungsfrist nicht einzuhalten

See:

→ work up

4) (SEW) arbeiten; design etc sticken

5) (= shape) wood, metal bearbeiten; dough, clay also kneten, bearbeiten

he worked the clay into a human shape — er formte den Ton zu einer menschlichen Gestalt

work the flour in gradually/the ingredients together — mischen Sie das Mehl allmählich unter/die Zutaten (zusammen)

6) (= exploit) mine ausbeuten, abbauen; land bearbeiten; smallholding bewirtschaften; (salesman) area bereisen

7) muscles trainieren

8)

(= move gradually) to work one's hands free — seine Hände freibekommen

to work sth loose — etw losbekommen

to work one's way through a book — sich durch ein Buch arbeiten

to work one's way to the top — sich nach oben arbeiten or kämpfen

to work one's way up from nothing — sich von ganz unten hocharbeiten

to work one's way through college — sein Studium selbst or durch eigene Arbeit finanzieren

he worked his way across the rock face/through the tunnel — er überquerte die Felswand/kroch durch den Tunnel

to work oneself into sb's confidence — sich in jds Vertrauen (acc) einschleichen

* * *

work [wɜːk; US wɜrk]

A s

1. allg Arbeit f:

a) Beschäftigung f, Tätigkeit f

b) Aufgabe f

c) Hand-, Nadelarbeit f, Stickerei f, Näherei f

d) Leistung f

e) Erzeugnis n:

work done geleistete Arbeit;

a beautiful piece of work eine schöne Arbeit;

work in hand WIRTSCH Auftragsbestand m;

work in process ( oder progress) WIRTSCH US Halbfabrikate pl;

at work

a) bei der Arbeit,

b) am Arbeitsplatz,

c) in Tätigkeit, in Betrieb (Maschine etc);

be at work on arbeiten an (dat);

do work arbeiten;

I’ve got some work to do ich muss arbeiten;

do the work of three (men) für drei arbeiten;

be in (out of) work (keine) Arbeit haben;

(put) out of work arbeitslos (machen);

set to work an die Arbeit gehen, sich an die Arbeit machen;

take some work home Arbeit mit nach Hause nehmen;

have one’s work cut out (for one) zu tun haben, schwer zu schaffen haben;

make work Arbeit verursachen;

make light work of spielend fertig werden mit;

make sad work of arg wirtschaften oder hausen mit;

make short work of kurzen Prozess oder nicht viel Federlesen(s) machen mit umg

2. PHYS Arbeit f:

convert heat into work

3. auch koll (künstlerisches etc) Werk:

the works of Bach;

work of art Kunstwerk; → fiction 2, reference A 8

4. Werk n (Tat und Resultat):

this is your work!;

it was the work of a moment

5. pl

a) ARCH Anlagen pl, (besonders öffentliche) Bauten pl

b) Baustelle f (an einer Autobahn etc)

c) MIL (Festungs)Werk n, Befestigungen pl

6. pl (oft als sg konstruiert) Werk n, Fabrik (-anlage) f, Betrieb m:

works climate (council, outing, etc) Betriebsklima n (-rat m, -ausflug m etc);

works manager Werksdirektor m, Betriebsleiter m

7. pl TECH (Räder-, Trieb)Werk n, Getriebe n:

works of a watch Uhrwerk; → spanner 1

8. Werk-, Arbeitsstück n, ( besonders Nadel)Arbeit f

9. REL (gutes) Werk

10. the works pl umg alles, der ganze Krempel:

the whole works went over board;

give sb the works umg jemanden fertigmachen;

shoot the works (Kartenspiel) aufs Ganze gehen (a. fig); → gum² B 4

B v/i prät und pperf worked, besonders obs oder poet wrought [rɔːt]

1. (at, on) arbeiten (an dat), sich beschäftigen (mit):

work at a social reform an einer Sozialreform arbeiten;

worked ( oder wrought) in leather in Leder gearbeitet;

work to rule WIRTSCH Br Dienst nach Vorschrift tun;

make one’s money work sein Geld arbeiten lassen

2. arbeiten, Arbeit haben, beschäftigt sein

3. fig arbeiten, kämpfen ( beide:

against gegen;

for für eine Sache):

work toward(s) hinarbeiten auf (akk)

4. TECH

a) funktionieren, gehen (beide auch fig)

b) in Betrieb oder Gang sein:

our stove works well unser Ofen funktioniert gut;

your method won’t work mit Ihrer Methode werden Sie es nicht schaffen;

get sth to work etwas reparieren

5. fig klappen, gehen, gelingen, sich machen lassen

6. (prät oft wrought) wirken, sich auswirken (on, with auf akk, bei):

the poison began to work das Gift begann zu wirken

7. work on jemanden bearbeiten, sich jemanden vornehmen (beide umg)

8. sich gut etc bearbeiten lassen

9. sich (hindurch-, hoch- etc) arbeiten:

work into eindringen in (akk);

work loose sich losarbeiten, sich lockern;

her tights worked down die Strumpfhose rutschte ihr herunter

10. in (heftiger) Bewegung sein, arbeiten, zucken ( alle:

with vor dat; Gesichtszüge etc), mahlen ( with vor Erregung etc; Kiefer)

11. SCHIFF (besonders gegen den Wind) segeln, fahren

12. gären, arbeiten (beide auch fig: Gedanke etc)

13. (hand)arbeiten, stricken, nähen

C v/t

1. arbeiten an (dat)

2. verarbeiten:

a) TECH bearbeiten

b) einen Teig kneten

c) (ver)formen, gestalten ( beide:

into zu):

work cotton into cloth Baumwolle zu Tuch verarbeiten

3. eine Maschine etc bedienen, ein Fahrzeug führen, lenken

4. (an-, be)treiben:

worked by electricity elektrisch betrieben

5. AGR den Boden bearbeiten, bestellen

6. einen Betrieb leiten, eine Fabrik etc betreiben, ein Gut bewirtschaften

7. Bergbau: eine Grube abbauen, ausbeuten

8. WIRTSCH (geschäftlich) bereisen oder bearbeiten:

my partner works the Liverpool district

9. jemanden, Tiere (tüchtig) arbeiten lassen, (zur Arbeit) antreiben

10. fig jemanden bearbeiten umg, jemandem zusetzen ( beide:

for wegen):

he worked his teacher for a better mark

11. a) work one’s way sich (hindurch- etc) arbeiten

b) erarbeiten, verdienen: → passage¹ 5

12. MATH lösen, ausarbeiten, errechnen

13. erregen, reizen, (in einen Zustand) versetzen oder bringen:

work o.s. into a rage sich in eine Wut hineinsteigern

14. bewegen, arbeiten mit:

he worked his jaws seine Kiefer mahlten

15. fig (prät oft wrought) hervorbringen, -rufen, zeitigen, Veränderungen etc bewirken, Wunder wirken oder tun, führen zu, verursachen:

work hardship on sb für jemanden eine Härte bedeuten

16. (prät oft wrought) fertigbringen, zustande bringen

17. work into

a) eine Arbeit etc einschieben in (akk),

b) Passagen etc einarbeiten oder -flechten oder -fügen in (akk)

18. sl etwas herausschlagen

19. US sl jemanden bescheißen

20. herstellen, machen, besonders stricken, nähen

21. zur Gärung bringen

22. → work over 2

w. abk

1. weight

2. wide

3. width

4. wife

5. with

6. PHYS work

wk abk

1. week Wo.

2. work

* * *
1. noun
1) no pl., no indef. art. Arbeit, die

at work — (engaged in working) bei der Arbeit; (fig.): (operating) am Werk (see also e)

be at work on something — an etwas (Dat.) arbeiten; (fig.) auf etwas (Akk.) wirken

set to work — [Person:] sich an die Arbeit machen

set somebody to work — jemanden an die Arbeit schicken

all work and no play — immer nur arbeiten

have one's work cut out — viel zu tun haben; sich ranhalten müssen (ugs.)

2) (thing made or achieved) Werk, das

a good day's work — eine gute Tagesleistung

do a good day's work — ein tüchtiges Stück Arbeit hinter sich bringen

is that all your own work? — hast du das alles selbst gemacht?

work of art — Kunstwerk, das

3) (book, piece of music) Werk, das

a work of reference/literature/art — ein Nachschlagewerk/literarisches Werk/Kunstwerk

4) in pl. (of author or composer) Werke

5) (employment) Arbeit, die

out of work — arbeitslos; ohne Arbeit

be in work — eine Stelle haben

go out to work — arbeiten gehen

at work — (place of employment) auf der Arbeit (see also a)

from work — von der Arbeit

6) in pl., usu. constr. as sing. (factory) Werk, das

7) in pl. (Mil.) Werke; Befestigungen

8) in pl. (operations of building etc.) Arbeiten

9) in pl. (machine's operative parts) Werk, das

10) in pl. (coll.): (all that can be included)

the [whole/full] works — der ganze Kram (ugs.)

give somebody the works — (fig.) (give somebody the best possible treatment) jemandem richtig verwöhnen (ugs.); (give somebody the worst possible treatment) jemanden fertig machen (salopp)
2. intransitive verb,
worked or (arch./literary) wrought

1) arbeiten

work to rule — Dienst nach Vorschrift machen

work for a cause — etc. für eine Sache usw. arbeiten

work against something — (impede) einer Sache (Dat.) entgegenstehen

2) (function effectively) funktionieren; [Charme:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)

make the washing machine/television work — die Waschmaschine/den Fernsehapparat in Ordnung bringen

3) [Rad, Getriebe, Kette:] laufen

4) (be craftsman)

work in a material — mit od. (fachspr.) in einem Material arbeiten

5) [Faktoren, Einflüsse:] wirken (on auf + Akk.)

work against — arbeiten gegen; see also work on

6) (make its/one's way) sich schieben

work loose — sich lockern

work round to a question — (fig.) sich zu einer Frage vorarbeiten
3. transitive verb,
worked or (arch./literary) wrought

1) (operate) bedienen [Maschine]; fahren [Schiff]; betätigen [Bremse]

worked by electricity — elektrisch betrieben

2) (get labour from) arbeiten lassen

3) (get material from) ausbeuten [Steinbruch, Grube]

4) (operate in or on) [Vertreter:] bereisen

5) (control) steuern

6) (effect) bewirken [Änderung]; wirken [Wunder]

work it or things so that... — (coll.) es deichseln, dass... (ugs.)

7) (cause to go gradually) führen

work one's way up/into something — sich hocharbeiten/in etwas (Akk.) hineinarbeiten

8) (get gradually) bringen

work oneself into a position — sich in eine Position hocharbeiten

9) (knead, stir)

work something into something — etwas zu etwas verarbeiten; (mix in) etwas unter etwas (Akk.) rühren

10) (gradually excite)

work oneself into a state/a rage — sich aufregen/in einen Wutanfall hineinsteigern

11) (make by needlework etc.) arbeiten; aufsticken [Muster] (on auf + Akk.)

12) (purchase, obtain with labour) abarbeiten; (fig.)

work one's keep — für sein Geld etwas leisten

she worked her way through college — sie hat sich (Dat.) ihr Studium selbst verdient; see also passage 6)

Phrasal Verbs:

- work away

- work in

- work off

- work on

- work out

- work through

- work towards

- work up

* * *

(hard) for expr.

erarbeiten v.

sich etwas erarbeiten ausdr. v.

arbeiten v.

funktionieren v. n.

Arbeit -en f.

Werk -e n.

English-german dictionary > work
5 work

I 1. [wɜːk]
nome

1) (physical or mental activity) lavoro m.

to be at work on sth. — lavorare a qcs., essere occupato a fare qcs.

to go to o set to o get to work mettersi al lavoro; to set to work doing mettersi a fare; to put a lot of work into dedicare molto impegno a [essay, meal, preparations]; to put o set sb. to work mettere qcn. al lavoro, fare lavorare qcn.; we put him to work doing l'abbiamo messo a fare; it was hard work doing è stato difficile o è stata una fatica fare; to be hard at work lavorare sodo, darci dentro col lavoro; your essay needs more work il tuo compito ha bisogno di altro lavoro; to make short o light work of sth. liquidare o sbrigare qcs. velocemente; to make short work of sb. liquidare qcn. o levarsi qcn. di torno rapidamente; it's all in a day's work è roba d'ordinaria amministrazione, fa parte del lavoro; it's hot, thirsty work — fa venire caldo, sete

2) (occupation) lavoro m., occupazione f., mestiere m.

to be in work — avere un lavoro o un'occupazione

place of work — luogo di lavoro

to be off work — (on vacation) essere in ferie, in permesso

to be off work with flu — essere a casa con l'influenza, essere assente a causa dell'influenza

to be out of work — essere disoccupato o senza lavoro

3) (place of employment) lavoro m.

to go to work — andare al lavoro o a lavorare

don't phone me at work — non telefonarmi al lavoro

4) (building, construction) lavori m.pl. (on a)

5) (papers)

to take one's work home — portarsi il lavoro a casa; fig. portarsi il lavoro, i problemi del lavoro a casa

6) (achievement, product) (essay, report) lavoro m.; (artwork, novel, sculpture) lavoro m., opera f. (by di); (study) lavoro m., studio m. (by di; on su); (research) lavoro m., ricerche f.pl. (on su)

is this all your own work? — è tutta opera tua? (more informal) l'hai fatto tu?

to mark students' work — correggere i compiti degli studenti

a work of reference — un'opera di consultazione

it's the work of professionals — è opera di professionisti

7) (effect)

to go to work — [drug, detergent] agire
2.
nome plurale works

1) (factory) fabbrica f.sing., officina f.sing.

works canteen — mensa aziendale

2) (building work) lavori m.

3) colloq. (everything)

the (full o whole) works — tutto (quanto)
3.
modificatore [clothes, shoes] da lavoro; [ phone number] del lavoro; [ permit] di lavoro
II 1. [wɜːk]
verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. ant. lett. wrought)

1) (drive)

to work sb. hard — fare lavorare sodo o fare sgobbare qcn

2) (labour)

to work shifts — fare i turni

to work days, nights — lavorare di giorno, di notte

to work one's way through university — lavorare per pagarsi l'università

to work one's way through a book — leggere un libro da cima a fondo

to work a 40 hour week — lavorare 40 ore settimanali

3) (operate) fare funzionare, azionare [computer, equipment]

4) (exploit commercially) sfruttare [land, mine]

5) (have as one's territory) [ representative] coprire, fare [ region]

6) (consume)

to work one's way through — consumare [amount, quantity]

7) (bring about)

to work wonders — fare meraviglie (anche fig.)

8) (use to one's advantage)

to work the system — sfruttare il sistema

how did you manage to work it? — come ci sei riuscito? come sei riuscito a sistemare le cose?

I've worked things so that... — ho sistemato le cose in modo che

9) (fashion) lavorare [clay, metal]

10) (embroider) ricamare [ design] ( into su)

11) (manoeuvre)

to work sth. into — infilare qcs. in [slot, hole]

12) (exercise) fare lavorare [ muscles]

13) (move)

to work one's way through — aprirsi un passaggio tra, farsi largo tra [ crowd]

to work one's way along — avanzare lungo [ ledge]

to work one's hands free — liberarsi le mani

it worked its way loose it worked itself loose si è allentato (poco a poco); to work its way into — passare, entrare in [bloodstream, system]
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. ant. lett. wrought)

1) (engage in activity) lavorare

to work at the hospital — lavorare in o all'ospedale

to work as a teacher — lavorare come insegnante

to work in oils — [ artist] dipingere a olio

to work against corruption — lottare contro la corruzione

to work towards — adoperarsi per, lavorare per raggiungere [solution, compromise]

2) (function) funzionare

to work on electricity — funzionare o andare a corrente elettrica

to work off the mains — funzionare a corrente

the washing machine isn't working — la lavatrice non funziona

3) (act, operate)

it doesn't o things don't work like that le cose non funzionano così; to work in sb.'s favour to work to sb.'s advantage giocare, tornare a vantaggio di qcn.; to work against sb. to work to sb.'s disadvantage — giocare, tornare a sfavore di qcn

4) (be successful) [ treatment] essere efficace, fare effetto; [detergent, drug] agire, essere efficace; [plan, argument] funzionare

flattery won't work with me — le lusinghe non funzionano con me
3.
verbo riflessivo (pass., p.pass. ant. lett. wrought)

1) (labour)

to work oneself too hard — lavorare troppo

to work oneself to death — ammazzarsi di lavoro

2) (rouse)

to work oneself into a rage — andare in collera, infuriarsi

•

- work around

- work in

- work off

- work on

- work out

- work over

- work to

- work up

••

to work one's way up (the company) — fare carriera (nell'azienda)

* * *
[wə:k] 1. noun
1) (effort made in order to achieve or make something: He has done a lot of work on this project) lavoro

2) (employment: I cannot find work in this town.) lavoro

3) (a task or tasks; the thing that one is working on: Please clear your work off the table.) lavoro

4) (a painting, book, piece of music etc: the works of Van Gogh / Shakespeare/Mozart; This work was composed in 1816.) opera

5) (the product or result of a person's labours: His work has shown a great improvement lately.) lavoro

6) (one's place of employment: He left (his) work at 5.30 p.m.; I don't think I'll go to work tomorrow.) lavoro
2. verb
1) (to (cause to) make efforts in order to achieve or make something: She works at the factory three days a week; He works his employees very hard; I've been working on/at a new project.) lavorare, far lavorare

2) (to be employed: Are you working just now?) lavorare

3) (to (cause to) operate (in the correct way): He has no idea how that machine works / how to work that machine; That machine doesn't/won't work, but this one's working.) funzionare, far funzionare

4) (to be practicable and/or successful: If my scheme works, we'll be rich!) funzionare

5) (to make (one's way) slowly and carefully with effort or difficulty: She worked her way up the rock face.) avanzare faticosamente

6) (to get into, or put into, a stated condition or position, slowly and gradually: The wheel worked loose.) diventare

7) (to make by craftsmanship: The ornaments had been worked in gold.) lavorare

•

- - work
- workable
- worker
- works 3. noun plural
1) (the mechanism (of a watch, clock etc): The works are all rusted.)

2) (deeds, actions etc: She's devoted her life to good works.) meccanismo

•

- work-basket
- work-box
- workbook
- workforce
- working class
- working day
- work-day
- working hours
- working-party
- work-party
- working week
- workman
- workmanlike
- workmanship
- workmate
- workout
- workshop
- at work
- get/set to work
- go to work on
- have one's work cut out
- in working order
- out of work
- work of art
- work off
- work out
- work up
- work up to
- work wonders
* * *
I 1. [wɜːk]
nome

1) (physical or mental activity) lavoro m.

to be at work on sth. — lavorare a qcs., essere occupato a fare qcs.

to go to o set to o get to work mettersi al lavoro; to set to work doing mettersi a fare; to put a lot of work into dedicare molto impegno a [essay, meal, preparations]; to put o set sb. to work mettere qcn. al lavoro, fare lavorare qcn.; we put him to work doing l'abbiamo messo a fare; it was hard work doing è stato difficile o è stata una fatica fare; to be hard at work lavorare sodo, darci dentro col lavoro; your essay needs more work il tuo compito ha bisogno di altro lavoro; to make short o light work of sth. liquidare o sbrigare qcs. velocemente; to make short work of sb. liquidare qcn. o levarsi qcn. di torno rapidamente; it's all in a day's work è roba d'ordinaria amministrazione, fa parte del lavoro; it's hot, thirsty work — fa venire caldo, sete

2) (occupation) lavoro m., occupazione f., mestiere m.

to be in work — avere un lavoro o un'occupazione

place of work — luogo di lavoro

to be off work — (on vacation) essere in ferie, in permesso

to be off work with flu — essere a casa con l'influenza, essere assente a causa dell'influenza

to be out of work — essere disoccupato o senza lavoro

3) (place of employment) lavoro m.

to go to work — andare al lavoro o a lavorare

don't phone me at work — non telefonarmi al lavoro

4) (building, construction) lavori m.pl. (on a)

5) (papers)

to take one's work home — portarsi il lavoro a casa; fig. portarsi il lavoro, i problemi del lavoro a casa

6) (achievement, product) (essay, report) lavoro m.; (artwork, novel, sculpture) lavoro m., opera f. (by di); (study) lavoro m., studio m. (by di; on su); (research) lavoro m., ricerche f.pl. (on su)

is this all your own work? — è tutta opera tua? (more informal) l'hai fatto tu?

to mark students' work — correggere i compiti degli studenti

a work of reference — un'opera di consultazione

it's the work of professionals — è opera di professionisti

7) (effect)

to go to work — [drug, detergent] agire
2.
nome plurale works

1) (factory) fabbrica f.sing., officina f.sing.

works canteen — mensa aziendale

2) (building work) lavori m.

3) colloq. (everything)

the (full o whole) works — tutto (quanto)
3.
modificatore [clothes, shoes] da lavoro; [ phone number] del lavoro; [ permit] di lavoro
II 1. [wɜːk]
verbo transitivo (pass., p.pass. ant. lett. wrought)

1) (drive)

to work sb. hard — fare lavorare sodo o fare sgobbare qcn

2) (labour)

to work shifts — fare i turni

to work days, nights — lavorare di giorno, di notte

to work one's way through university — lavorare per pagarsi l'università

to work one's way through a book — leggere un libro da cima a fondo

to work a 40 hour week — lavorare 40 ore settimanali

3) (operate) fare funzionare, azionare [computer, equipment]

4) (exploit commercially) sfruttare [land, mine]

5) (have as one's territory) [ representative] coprire, fare [ region]

6) (consume)

to work one's way through — consumare [amount, quantity]

7) (bring about)

to work wonders — fare meraviglie (anche fig.)

8) (use to one's advantage)

to work the system — sfruttare il sistema

how did you manage to work it? — come ci sei riuscito? come sei riuscito a sistemare le cose?

I've worked things so that... — ho sistemato le cose in modo che

9) (fashion) lavorare [clay, metal]

10) (embroider) ricamare [ design] ( into su)

11) (manoeuvre)

to work sth. into — infilare qcs. in [slot, hole]

12) (exercise) fare lavorare [ muscles]

13) (move)

to work one's way through — aprirsi un passaggio tra, farsi largo tra [ crowd]

to work one's way along — avanzare lungo [ ledge]

to work one's hands free — liberarsi le mani

it worked its way loose it worked itself loose si è allentato (poco a poco); to work its way into — passare, entrare in [bloodstream, system]
2.
verbo intransitivo (pass., p.pass. ant. lett. wrought)

1) (engage in activity) lavorare

to work at the hospital — lavorare in o all'ospedale

to work as a teacher — lavorare come insegnante

to work in oils — [ artist] dipingere a olio

to work against corruption — lottare contro la corruzione

to work towards — adoperarsi per, lavorare per raggiungere [solution, compromise]

2) (function) funzionare

to work on electricity — funzionare o andare a corrente elettrica

to work off the mains — funzionare a corrente

the washing machine isn't working — la lavatrice non funziona

3) (act, operate)

it doesn't o things don't work like that le cose non funzionano così; to work in sb.'s favour to work to sb.'s advantage giocare, tornare a vantaggio di qcn.; to work against sb. to work to sb.'s disadvantage — giocare, tornare a sfavore di qcn

4) (be successful) [ treatment] essere efficace, fare effetto; [detergent, drug] agire, essere efficace; [plan, argument] funzionare

flattery won't work with me — le lusinghe non funzionano con me
3.
verbo riflessivo (pass., p.pass. ant. lett. wrought)

1) (labour)

to work oneself too hard — lavorare troppo

to work oneself to death — ammazzarsi di lavoro

2) (rouse)

to work oneself into a rage — andare in collera, infuriarsi

•

- work around

- work in

- work off

- work on

- work out

- work over

- work to

- work up

••

to work one's way up (the company) — fare carriera (nell'azienda)

English-Italian dictionary > work
6 use

1.
[ju:s] noun

1) Gebrauch, der; (of dictionary, calculator, room) Benutzung, die; (of word, expression; of pesticide, garlic, herb, spice) Verwendung, die; (of name, title) Führung, die; (of alcohol, drugs) Konsum, der

the use of brutal means/methods — die Anwendung brutaler Mittel/Methoden

the use of troops/teargas/violence — der Einsatz von Truppen/Tränengas/die Gewaltanwendung

constant/rough use — dauernder Gebrauch/schlechte Behandlung

[not] be in use — [nicht] in Gebrauch sein

be no longer in use — nicht mehr verwendet werden

be in daily etc. use — täglich usw. in Gebrauch od. Benutzung sein

come into use — in Gebrauch kommen

go/fall out of use — außer Gebrauch kommen

instructions/directions for use — Gebrauchsanweisung, die

ready for [immediate] use — [sofort] gebrauchsfertig

batteries for use in or with watches — Batterien [speziell] für Armbanduhren

a course for use in schools — ein Kurs für die Schule od. zur Verwendung im Schulunterricht

for the use of somebody — für jemanden

for personal/private use — für den persönlichen Gebrauch/den Privatgebrauch

for external use only — nur zur äußerlichen Anwendung

for use in an emergency/only in case of fire — für den Notfall/nur bei Feuer zu benutzen

with use — durch den Gebrauch

with careful etc. use — bei sorgsamer usw. Behandlung

make use of somebody/something — jemanden/etwas gebrauchen/(exploit) ausnutzen

make the best use of something/it — das Beste aus etwas/daraus machen

make good use of, turn or put to good use — gut nutzen [Zeit, Talent, Geld]

put something to use — etwas verwenden

2) (utility, usefulness) Nutzen, der

these tools/clothes will be of use to somebody — dieses Werkzeug wird/diese Kleider werden für jemanden von Nutzen sein

is it of [any] use? — ist das [irgendwie] zu gebrauchen od. von Nutzen?

can I be of any use to you? — kann ich dir irgendwie helfen?

be [of] no use [to somebody] — [jemandem] nichts nützen

he is [of] no use in a crisis/as a manager — er ist in einer Krise/als Manager zu nichts nütze od. (ugs.) nicht zu gebrauchen

it's no use [doing that] — es hat keinen Zweck od. Sinn[, das zu tun]

you're/that's a fat lot of use — (coll. iron.) du bist ja eine schöne Hilfe/davon haben wir aber was (ugs. iron.)

what's the use of that/of doing that? — was nützt das/was nützt es, das zu tun?

what's the use? — was nützt es?

oh well, what's the use! — ach, was soll's schon! (ugs.)

3) (purpose) Verwendung, die; Verwendungszweck, der

have its/one's uses — seinen Nutzen haben

have/find a use for something/somebody — für etwas/jemanden Verwendung haben/finden

have no/not much use for something/somebody — etwas/jemanden nicht/kaum brauchen

put something to a good/a new use — etwas sinnvoll/auf neu[artig]e Weise verwenden

4) (right or power of using)

have the use of something — etwas benutzen können

[have the] use of kitchen and bathroom — Küchen- und Badbenutzung [haben]

let somebody have or give somebody the use of something — jemanden etwas benutzen lassen
2.
[ju:z] transitive verb

1) benutzen; nutzen [Gelegenheit]; anwenden [Gewalt]; einsetzen [Tränengas, Wasserwerfer]; in Anspruch nehmen [Firma, Agentur, Agenten, Dienstleistung]; nutzen [Zeit, Gelegenheit, Talent, Erfahrung]; führen [Namen, Titel]

do you know how to use this tool? — kannst du mit diesem Werkzeug umgehen?

anything you say may be used in evidence — was Sie sagen, kann vor Gericht verwendet werden

use somebody's name [as a reference] — sich [als Empfehlung] auf jemanden berufen

I could use the money/a drink — (coll.) ich könnte das Geld brauchen/einen Drink vertragen (ugs.)

use one's time to do something — seine Zeit dazu nutzen, etwas zu tun

2) (consume as material) verwenden

use gas/oil for heating — mit Gas/Öl heizen

the camera uses 35 mm film — für die Kamera braucht man einen 35-mm-Film

‘use sparingly’ — "sparsam verwenden!"

3) (take habitually)

use drugs/heroin — etc. Drogen/Heroin usw. nehmen

4) (employ in speaking or writing) benutzen; gebrauchen; verwenden

use strong language — Kraftausdrücke gebrauchen

5) (exercise, apply) Gebrauch machen von [Autorität, Einfluss, Können, Menschenverstand]

use diplomacy/tact [in one's dealings etc. with somebody] — [bei jemandem] diplomatisch vorgehen/[zu jemandem] taktvoll sein

he used all his strength — er wandte seine ganze Kraft auf

use a method/tactics — eine Methode anwenden/nach einer [bestimmten] Taktik vorgehen

6) (take advantage of)

use somebody — jemanden ausnutzen

7) (treat) behandeln

use somebody/something well/badly — jemanden/etwas gut/schlecht behandeln

8)

used to — (formerly)

I used to live in London/work in a factory — früher habe ich in London gelebt/in einer Fabrik gearbeitet

he used to be very shy — er war früher sehr schüchtern

my mother always used to say... — meine Mutter hat immer gesagt od. pflegte zu sagen...

this used to be my room — das war [früher] mein Zimmer

things aren't what they used to be — es ist nichts mehr so wie früher

he smokes much more than he used to — er raucht viel mehr als früher

I used not or I did not use — or (coll.)

I didn't use or (coll.) I use[d]n't to smoke — früher habe ich nicht geraucht

Phrasal Verbs:

- academic.ru/93389/use_up">use up

* * *
I [ju:z] verb
1) (to employ (something) for a purpose: What did you use to open the can?; Use your common sense!) benutzen

2) (to consume: We're using far too much electricity.) verbrauchen

•

- usable
- used
- user
- user-friendly
- user guide
- be used to something
- be used to
- used to II [ju:s]
1) (the act of using or state of being used: The use of force to persuade workers to join a strike cannot be justified; This telephone number is for use in emergencies.) der Gebrauch

2) (the/a purpose for which something may be used: This little knife has plenty of uses; I have no further use for these clothes.) die Verwendbarkeit

3) ((often in questions or with negatives) value or advantage: Is this coat (of) any use to you?; It's no use offering to help when it's too late.) der Nutzen

4) (the power of using: She lost the use of her right arm as a result of the accident.) die Fähigkeit(etwas)zu gebrauchen

5) (permission, or the right, to use: They let us have the use of their car while they were away.) das Benutzungsrecht

•

- useful
- usefulness
- usefully
- useless
- be in use
- out of use
- come in useful
- have no use for
- it's no use
- make good use of
- make use of
- put to good use
- put to use
* * *

use

I. vt

[ju:z]

1. (make use of, utilize)

▪ to \use sth etw benutzen; building, one's skills, training, talent etw nutzen; method etw anwenden

this glass has been \used dieses Glas ist schon benutzt

I could \use some help ich könnte etwas Hilfe gebrauchen

I could \use a drink now ich könnte jetzt einen Drink vertragen fam

this table could \use a wipe diesen Tisch könnte man auch mal wieder abwischen

these lights are \used for illuminating the playing area mit diesen Lichtern wird die Spielfläche beleuchtet

what perfume do you \use? welches Parfüm nimmst du?

what shampoo do you \use? welches Shampoo benutzt du?

I've got to \use the toilet ich muss auf die Toilette

to \use alcohol Alkohol trinken

to \use one's brains seinen Verstand benutzen

to \use a chance eine Gelegenheit nutzen

to \use a dictionary ein Wörterbuch verwenden

to \use drugs Drogen nehmen

to \use military force against sb Militärgewalt gegen jdn einsetzen

to \use an idea eine Idee verwenden

to \use logic logisch denken

to \use one's money to do sth sein Geld dazu verwenden, etw zu tun

to \use sb's name jds Name verwenden; (as reference) sich akk auf jdn berufen

she \uses the name Mary Punk sie nennt sich Mary Punk

to \use poison gas/truncheons/chemical warfare Giftgas/Schlagstöcke/chemische Waffen einsetzen

to \use a pseudonym ein Pseudonym benutzen

to \use service eine Dienstleistung in Anspruch nehmen

to \use swear words fluchen

to \use one's time to do sth seine Zeit dazu nutzen, etw zu tun

you should \use your free time more constructively du solltest deine freie Zeit sinnvoller nutzen!

to \use violence Gewalt anwenden

▪ to \use sth to do sth etw benutzen [o verwenden], um etw zu tun

\use scissors to cut the shapes out schneiden Sie die Formen mit einer Schere aus

you can \use this brush to apply the paint du kannst die Farbe mit diesem Pinsel auftragen

2. (employ)

▪ to \use sth:

\use your head [or BRIT also loaf] jetzt schalt doch mal dein Hirn ein! sl

\use your imagination! lass doch mal deine Fantasie spielen!

to \use common sense seinen gesunden Menschenverstand benutzen

to \use discretion/tact diskret/taktvoll sein

3. (get through, consume)

▪ to \use sth etw verbrauchen

we've \used nearly all the bread wir haben fast kein Brot mehr

what do you \use for heating? womit heizen Sie?

there's no more paper after this is \used wenn wir dieses Papier aufgebraucht haben, ist keines mehr da

this radio \uses 1.5 volt batteries für dieses Radio braucht man 1,5 Volt Batterien

to \use energy Energie verbrauchen

4. ( usu pej: manipulate, impose upon)

▪ to \use sb jdn benutzen; (exploit)

▪ to \use sb/sth jdn/etw ausnutzen

5. ( form: treat in stated way)

to \use sb badly/well jdn schlecht/gut behandeln

he's \used her despicably er hat ihr übel mitgespielt

II. n

[ju:s]

1. (application, employment) Verwendung f ( for für + akk); of dictionary also Benutzung f; of labour Einsatz m; of leftovers Verwertung f; of talent, experience Nutzung m

don't throw that away, you'll find a \use for it one day wirf das nicht weg — eines Tages wirst du es schon noch irgendwie verwenden können

a food processor has a variety of \uses in the kitchen eine Küchenmaschine kann man auf ganz unterschiedliche Weise in der Küche einsetzen

they've called for further restrictions on the \use of leaded petrol sie forderten weitere Einschränkungen für die Verwendung von verbleitem Benzin

she lost the \use of her fingers in the accident seit dem Unfall kann sie ihre Finger nicht mehr benutzen

the \use of alcohol/drugs der Alkohol-/Drogenkonsum

by the \use of deception durch Täuschung

directions for \use Gebrauchsanweisung f

for \use in an emergency für den Notfall

for \use in case of fire bei Feuer

the \use of force/a particular method die Anwendung von Gewalt/einer bestimmten Methode

the correct \use of language der korrekte Sprachgebrauch

the \use of poison gas/truncheons/chemical warfare der Einsatz von Tränengas/Schlagstöcken/chemischen Waffen

to be in daily \use täglich verwendet werden

for external \use only nur zur äußerlichen Anwendung

to be no longer in \use nicht mehr benutzt werden

ready for \use gebrauchsfertig; machine einsatzbereit

for private \use only nur für den Privatgebrauch

to come into \use in Gebrauch kommen

to find a \use for sth für etw akk Verwendung finden

to go [or fall] out of \use nicht mehr benutzt werden

to have no [further] \use for sth keine Verwendung [mehr] für etw akk haben

do you have any \use for these old notes? kannst du diese alten Unterlagen irgendwie verwenden?

to make \use of sth etw benutzen [o ÖSTERR a. benützen]; experience, talent etw nutzen; leftovers etw verwenden; connections von etw dat Gebrauch machen

can you make \use of that? kannst du das gebrauchen?

to put sth to \use etw verwenden

to be able to put sth to good \use etw gut verwenden können

to be able to put one's experience to good \use seine Erfahrung gut einbringen können

in/out of \use in/außer Gebrauch

2. (consumption) Verwendung f

building a dam would be a \use of financial resources which this country cannot afford für einen Dammbau würde dieses Land Gelder verwenden müssen, die es nicht aufbringen kann

3. (usefulness) Nutzen m

is this of any \use at all? nützt das vielleicht was? fam

can I be of any \use? kann ich vielleicht irgendwie behilflich sein?

what's the \use of shouting? was bringt es denn herumzuschreien?

there's no \use complaining Herumjammern bringt auch nichts fam

what \use is praying? wozu soll das Beten nutzen?

it has its \uses das kann auch nützlich sein

he's no \use as an editor als Redakteur ist er nicht zu gebrauchen

what's the \use was soll's! fam; ( pej fam)

that's a fat lot of \use da haben wir ja auch was von! iron fam

to be no \use keine Hilfe sein

to be no/not much \use to sb jdm nichts/nicht viel nützen

▪ to be of \use to sb für jdn von Nutzen [o nützlich] sein

is this of any \use to you? kannst du das vielleicht gebrauchen?

▪ it's no \use [doing sth] es hat keinen Zweck[, etw zu tun]

it's no \use — I just can't stand the man es hilft alles nichts — ich kann den Mann einfach nicht ausstehen!

it's no \use trying to escape — no one has ever got away before wir brauchen erst gar nicht versuchen auszubrechen — das hat bisher noch keiner geschafft!

4. (right)

to have the \use of sth bathroom, car etw benutzen [o ÖSTERR a. benützen] dürfen

to give sb [or let sb have] the \use of sth jdn etw benutzen [o ÖSTERR a. benützen] lassen

5. (custom) Brauch m

6. (out of order)

▪ to be out of [or AM, AUS usu not in] \use nicht funktionieren

the escalator is out of \use der Aufzug ist außer Betrieb

7. REL Ritual nt

8. LAW ( old) Nießbrauch m fachspr

* * *
I [juːz]
1. vt

1) (= utilize) benutzen; dictionary, means, tools, object, materials verwenden, benutzen; sb's suggestion, idea verwenden; word, literary style gebrauchen, verwenden, benutzen; swear words gebrauchen, benutzen; brains, intelligence gebrauchen; method, system, technique, therapy, force, trickery anwenden; one's abilities, powers of persuasion, one's strength aufwenden, anwenden; tact, care walten lassen; drugs einnehmen

use only in emergencies — nur im Notfall gebrauchen or benutzen

I have to use the toilet before I go —

what's this used for? — wofür wird das benutzt or gebraucht?

to use sth for sth —

he used it as a spoon the police used truncheons — er hat es als Löffel benutzt or verwendet die Polizei setzte Schlagstöcke ein, die Polizei benutzte or gebrauchte Schlagstöcke

what did you use the money for? — wofür haben Sie das Geld benutzt or verwendet or gebraucht?

the money is to be used to set up a trust —

what toothpaste do you use? — welche Zahnpasta benutzen or verwenden Sie?

what sort of fuel do you use? — welchen Treibstoff verwenden Sie?, mit welchem Treibstoff fahren Sie?

what sort of fuel does this rocket use? — welcher Treibstoff wird für diese Rakete verwendet?

ointment to be used sparingly — Salbe nur sparsam verwenden or anwenden

why don't you use a hammer? — warum nehmen Sie nicht einen Hammer dazu?, warum benutzen or verwenden Sie nicht einen Hammer dazu?

to use sb's name — jds Namen verwenden or benutzen; (as reference) jds Namen angeben, sich auf jdn berufen

use your imagination! — zeig mal ein bisschen Fantasie or Phantasie!

we can use the extra staff to do this — dafür können wir das übrige Personal einsetzen or verwenden

I'll have to use some of your men — ich brauche ein paar Ihrer Leute

2) (= make use of, exploit) information, one's training, talents, resources, chances, opportunity (aus)nutzen, (aus)nützen (S Ger); advantage nutzen; waste products nutzen, verwerten

not used to capacity — nicht voll genutzt

you can use the leftovers to make a soup —

you should use your free time for something creative — Sie sollten Ihre Freizeit für etwas Schöpferisches nutzen or gebrauchen

3) (inf)

I could use a new pair of shoes — ich könnte ein neues Paar Schuhe (ge)brauchen

I could use a drink — ich könnte etwas zu trinken (ge)brauchen or vertragen (inf)

it could use a coat of paint — das könnte ein bisschen Farbe vertragen

4) (= use up, consume) verbrauchen

this car uses too much petrol — dieses Auto verbraucht zu viel Benzin

have you used all the ink? — haben Sie die Tinte aufgebraucht (inf) or die ganze Tinte verbraucht?

5) (obs, liter: treat) behandeln

she was ill used — ihr ist übel mitgespielt worden

how has the world been using you? (not obs, liter) — wie gehts, wie stehts?

6) (pej: exploit) ausnutzen

I feel ( I've just been) used — ich habe das Gefühl, man hat mich ausgenutzt; (sexually) ich komme mir missbraucht vor

2. n
[juːs]
1) (= employment) Verwendung f; (of materials, tools, means, dictionary) Benutzung f, Verwendung f; (= operation of machines etc) Benutzung f; (= working with of dictionary, calculator etc) Gebrauch m; (of word, style) Gebrauch m, Verwendung f; (of swearwords, arms, intelligence) Gebrauch m; (of method, system, technique, force, powers of persuasion) Anwendung f; (of personnel, truncheons etc) Verwendung f, Einsatz m; (of drugs) Einnahme f

once you've mastered the use of the clutch — wenn Sie erst einmal den Gebrauch der Kupplung beherrschen

the use of a calculator to solve... — die Verwendung eines Rechners, um... zu lösen

directions for use — Gebrauchsanweisung f

for the use of — für

for use in case of emergency — für Notfälle

for external use —

it's for use not ornament — es ist ein Gebrauchsgegenstand und nicht zur Zierde

ready for use — gebrauchsfertig; machine einsatzbereit

to improve with use — sich mit der Zeit bessern

worn with use — abgenutzt

to make use of sth — von etw Gebrauch machen, etw benutzen

can you make use of that? — können Sie das brauchen?

in use/out of use — in or im/außer Gebrauch; machines also in/außer Betrieb

to be in daily use/no longer in use — täglich/nicht mehr benutzt or verwendet or gebraucht werden

to come into use — in Gebrauch kommen

to go or fall out of use — nicht mehr benutzt or verwendet or gebraucht werden

2) (= exploitation, making use of) Nutzung f; (of waste products, leftovers etc) Verwertung f

to make use of sth — etw nutzen

to put sth to use — etw benutzen

to put sth to good use — etw gut nutzen

to make good/bad use of sth — etw gut/schlecht nutzen

3) (= way of using) Verwendung f

to learn the use of sth — lernen, wie etw verwendet or benutzt or gebraucht wird

it has many uses — es ist vielseitig verwendbar

to find a use for sth — für etw Verwendung finden

to have no use for (lit, fig) — nicht gebrauchen können, keine Verwendung haben für

to have no further use for sb/sth — keine Verwendung mehr haben für jdn/etw, jdn/etw nicht mehr brauchen

4) (= usefulness) Nutzen m

to be of use to sb — für jdn von Nutzen sein or nützlich sein

this is no use any more — das taugt nichts mehr, das ist zu nichts mehr zu gebrauchen

does it have a use in our society? — ist es für unsere Gesellschaft von Nutzen?

is this (of) any use to you? — können Sie das brauchen?, können Sie damit was anfangen?

he/it has his/its uses — er/das ist ganz nützlich

you're no use to me if you can't spell — du nützt mir nichts, wenn du keine Rechtschreibung kannst

he's no use as a goalkeeper — er taugt nicht als Torhüter, er ist als Torhüter nicht zu gebrauchen

can I be of any use? — kann ich irgendwie behilflich sein?

a (fat) lot of use that will be to you! (iro inf) — da hast du aber was davon

this is no use, we must start work — so hat das keinen Zweck or Sinn, wir müssen etwas tun

it's no use you or your protesting — es hat keinen Sinn or es nützt nichts, wenn du protestierst

what's the use of telling him? — was nützt es, wenn man es ihm sagt?

what's the use in trying/going? — wozu überhaupt versuchen/gehen?

it's no use — es hat keinen Zweck

ah, what's the use! — ach, was solls!

5) (= right) Nutznießung f (JUR)

to have the use of the gardens — die Gartenanlagen benutzen können

to have the use of a car — ein Auto zur Verfügung haben

to give sb the use of sth — jdn etw benutzen lassen; of car also, of money jdm etw zur Verfügung stellen

to have lost the use of one's arm — seinen Arm nicht mehr gebrauchen or benutzen können

to have the full use of one's faculties — im Vollbesitz seiner (geistigen und körperlichen) Kräfte sein

have you lost the use of your legs? (hum) — hast du das Gehen verlernt?

6) (= custom) Brauch m, Usus m (geh)

7) (ECCL) Brauch m

in the Roman use — nach römisch-katholischem Brauch
II [juːs]
vb aux

See:

→ used

* * *

use [juːz]

A v/t

1. gebrauchen, benutzen, an-, verwenden, sich (gen) bedienen, Gebrauch machen von, eine Gelegenheit etc nutzen oder sich zunutze machen:

use one’s brains den Verstand gebrauchen, seinen Kopf anstrengen;

use care Sorgfalt verwenden;

use force Gewalt anwenden;

use one’s legs zu Fuß gehen;

may I use your name? darf ich mich auf Sie berufen?;

use a right von einem Recht Gebrauch machen;

anything you say may be used against you JUR alles, was Sie sagen, kann gegen Sie verwendet werden

2. ein Gerät etc handhaben

3. verwenden (on auf akk)

4. use up

a) auf-, verbrauchen, jemandes Kraft erschöpfen,

b) umg jemanden fertigmachen, erschöpfen: → used¹ 2

5. a) besonders US gewohnheitsmäßig zu sich nehmen:

use drugs Drogen nehmen;

use tobacco rauchen

b) brauchen:

my car uses too much oil

6. behandeln, verfahren mit:

use sb ill jemanden schlecht behandeln;

how has the world used you? umg wie ist es dir ergangen?

7. pej jemanden benutzen, auch eine Situation etc ausnutzen

8. Zeit verbringen

B v/i obs (außer im prät) pflegen ( to do zu tun):

it used to be said that … man pflegte zu sagen, dass …;

he does not come as often as he used to er kommt nicht mehr so oft wie früher oder sonst;

he used to be a polite man er war früher oder sonst (immer) sehr höflich;

he used to live here er wohnte früher hier;

she used to astonish me with … sie überraschte mich immer wieder mit …;

I used to smoke ich hab früher oder einmal geraucht;

did you really use to smoke? hast du früher wirklich geraucht?

C s [juːs]

1. Gebrauch m, Benutzung f, An-, Verwendung f:

for use zum Gebrauch;

for use in schools für den Schulgebrauch;

in use in Gebrauch, gebräuchlich;

be in daily use täglich gebraucht werden;

be in common use allgemein gebräuchlich sein;

come into use in Gebrauch kommen;

out of use nicht in Gebrauch, nicht mehr gebräuchlich;

fall ( oder pass) out of use ungebräuchlich werden, außer Gebrauch kommen;

with use durch (ständigen) Gebrauch;

make use of Gebrauch machen von, benutzen;

make use of sb’s name sich auf jemanden berufen;

make (a) bad use of (einen) schlechten Gebrauch machen von;

make full use of sth etwas voll ausnützen;

peaceful uses pl of atomic energy friedliche Nutzung der Atomenergie

2. a) Verwendung(szweck) f(m)

b) Brauchbarkeit f, Verwendbarkeit f

c) Zweck m, Sinn m, Nutzen m, Nützlichkeit f:

of use (to) nützlich (dat), brauchbar oder von Nutzen (für);

of no use nutz-, zwecklos, unbrauchbar, unnütz;

is this of use to you? können Sie das (ge)brauchen?;

crying is no use Weinen führt zu nichts;

it is no ( oder it isn’t any) use talking es ist nutz- oder zwecklos zu reden, es hat keinen Zweck zu reden;

what is the use of it? was hat das (überhaupt) für einen Zweck?;

have no use for

a) nicht brauchen können,

b) mit etwas od jemandem nichts anfangen können,

c) bes US umg nichts übrighaben für jemanden od etwas;

put to (good) use (gut) an- oder verwenden;

this tool has different uses dieses Gerät kann für verschiedene Zwecke verwendet werden; → further B 1

3. Kraft f oder Fähigkeit f (etwas) zu gebrauchen, Gebrauch m:

he lost the use of his right eye er kann auf dem rechten Auge nichts mehr sehen;

have the use of one’s limbs sich bewegen können

4. Benutzungsrecht n:

have the use of sth etwas benutzen können oder dürfen

5. Gewohnheit f, Brauch m:

once a use and ever a custom (Sprichwort) jung gewohnt, alt getan

6. JUR

a) Nießbrauch m, Nutznießung f

b) Nutzen m

7. oft Use REL liturgischer Brauch, (Kirchen)Brauch m

* * *
1.
[ju:s] noun

1) Gebrauch, der; (of dictionary, calculator, room) Benutzung, die; (of word, expression; of pesticide, garlic, herb, spice) Verwendung, die; (of name, title) Führung, die; (of alcohol, drugs) Konsum, der

the use of brutal means/methods — die Anwendung brutaler Mittel/Methoden

the use of troops/teargas/violence — der Einsatz von Truppen/Tränengas/die Gewaltanwendung

constant/rough use — dauernder Gebrauch/schlechte Behandlung

[not] be in use — [nicht] in Gebrauch sein

be no longer in use — nicht mehr verwendet werden

be in daily etc. use — täglich usw. in Gebrauch od. Benutzung sein

come into use — in Gebrauch kommen

go/fall out of use — außer Gebrauch kommen

instructions/directions for use — Gebrauchsanweisung, die

ready for [immediate] use — [sofort] gebrauchsfertig

batteries for use in or with watches — Batterien [speziell] für Armbanduhren

a course for use in schools — ein Kurs für die Schule od. zur Verwendung im Schulunterricht

for the use of somebody — für jemanden

for personal/private use — für den persönlichen Gebrauch/den Privatgebrauch

for external use only — nur zur äußerlichen Anwendung

for use in an emergency/only in case of fire — für den Notfall/nur bei Feuer zu benutzen

with use — durch den Gebrauch

with careful etc. use — bei sorgsamer usw. Behandlung

make use of somebody/something — jemanden/etwas gebrauchen/ (exploit) ausnutzen

make the best use of something/it — das Beste aus etwas/daraus machen

make good use of, turn or put to good use — gut nutzen [Zeit, Talent, Geld]

put something to use — etwas verwenden

2) (utility, usefulness) Nutzen, der

these tools/clothes will be of use to somebody — dieses Werkzeug wird/diese Kleider werden für jemanden von Nutzen sein

is it of [any] use? — ist das [irgendwie] zu gebrauchen od. von Nutzen?

can I be of any use to you? — kann ich dir irgendwie helfen?

be [of] no use [to somebody] — [jemandem] nichts nützen

he is [of] no use in a crisis/as a manager — er ist in einer Krise/als Manager zu nichts nütze od. (ugs.) nicht zu gebrauchen

it's no use [doing that] — es hat keinen Zweck od. Sinn[, das zu tun]

you're/that's a fat lot of use — (coll. iron.) du bist ja eine schöne Hilfe/davon haben wir aber was (ugs. iron.)

what's the use of that/of doing that? — was nützt das/was nützt es, das zu tun?

what's the use? — was nützt es?

oh well, what's the use! — ach, was soll's schon! (ugs.)

3) (purpose) Verwendung, die; Verwendungszweck, der

have its/one's uses — seinen Nutzen haben

have/find a use for something/somebody — für etwas/jemanden Verwendung haben/finden

have no/not much use for something/somebody — etwas/jemanden nicht/kaum brauchen

put something to a good/a new use — etwas sinnvoll/auf neu[artig]e Weise verwenden

4) (right or power of using)

have the use of something — etwas benutzen können

[have the] use of kitchen and bathroom — Küchen- und Badbenutzung [haben]

let somebody have or give somebody the use of something — jemanden etwas benutzen lassen
2.
[ju:z] transitive verb

1) benutzen; nutzen [Gelegenheit]; anwenden [Gewalt]; einsetzen [Tränengas, Wasserwerfer]; in Anspruch nehmen [Firma, Agentur, Agenten, Dienstleistung]; nutzen [Zeit, Gelegenheit, Talent, Erfahrung]; führen [Namen, Titel]

do you know how to use this tool? — kannst du mit diesem Werkzeug umgehen?

anything you say may be used in evidence — was Sie sagen, kann vor Gericht verwendet werden

use somebody's name [as a reference] — sich [als Empfehlung] auf jemanden berufen

I could use the money/a drink — (coll.) ich könnte das Geld brauchen/einen Drink vertragen (ugs.)

use one's time to do something — seine Zeit dazu nutzen, etwas zu tun

2) (consume as material) verwenden

use gas/oil for heating — mit Gas/Öl heizen

the camera uses 35 mm film — für die Kamera braucht man einen 35-mm-Film

‘use sparingly’ — "sparsam verwenden!"

3) (take habitually)

use drugs/heroin — etc. Drogen/Heroin usw. nehmen

4) (employ in speaking or writing) benutzen; gebrauchen; verwenden

use strong language — Kraftausdrücke gebrauchen

5) (exercise, apply) Gebrauch machen von [Autorität, Einfluss, Können, Menschenverstand]

use diplomacy/tact [in one's dealings etc. with somebody] — [bei jemandem] diplomatisch vorgehen/[zu jemandem] taktvoll sein

he used all his strength — er wandte seine ganze Kraft auf

use a method/tactics — eine Methode anwenden/nach einer [bestimmten] Taktik vorgehen

6) (take advantage of)

use somebody — jemanden ausnutzen

7) (treat) behandeln

use somebody/something well/badly — jemanden/etwas gut/schlecht behandeln

8)

used to — (formerly)

I used to live in London/work in a factory — früher habe ich in London gelebt/in einer Fabrik gearbeitet

he used to be very shy — er war früher sehr schüchtern

my mother always used to say... — meine Mutter hat immer gesagt od. pflegte zu sagen...

this used to be my room — das war [früher] mein Zimmer

things aren't what they used to be — es ist nichts mehr so wie früher

he smokes much more than he used to — er raucht viel mehr als früher

I used not or I did not use — or (coll.)

I didn't use or (coll.) I use[d]n't to smoke — früher habe ich nicht geraucht

Phrasal Verbs:

- use up

* * *

v.

anwenden v.

ausführen v.

belegen v.

benutzen v.

gebrauchen v.

nutzen v.

verwenden v.

wahrnehmen (Vorteil, Gelegenheit) v. n.

Anwendung f.

Benutzung f.

Gebrauch -¨e m.

Inanspruchnahme f.

Nutzung -en f.

Verwendung f.

Verwendungszweck m.

English-german dictionary > use
7 work

work [wɜ:k]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. noun

2. intransitive verb

3. transitive verb

4. compounds

5. Phrasal Verbs

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. noun

   a. (gen) travail m

• to start work se mettre au travail

• he does his work well il travaille bien

• she put a lot of work into it elle y a consacré beaucoup de travail

• I'm trying to get some work done j'essaie de travailler

• work has begun on the new bridge ( = building it) on a commencé la construction du nouveau pont

• you'll have your work cut out for you vous allez avoir du travail

• office work travail m de bureau

• good work! ( = well done) bravo !

   b. ( = employment, place of employment) travail m

• he's looking for work il cherche du travail

• to go to work aller au travail

• on her way to work en allant à son travail

• he is in regular work il a un emploi régulier

► at work ( = at place of work) au travail

► out of work

• to be out of work être au chômage

• an increase in the numbers out of work une augmentation du nombre des demandeurs d'emploi► off work

• he's off work today il ne travaille pas aujourd'hui

• he has been off work for three days il est absent depuis trois jours

• I'll have to take time off work il va falloir que je prenne un congé

   c. ( = product) œuvre f

• his life's work l'œuvre f de sa vie

• it's obviously the work of a professional c'est manifestement un travail de professionnel

   d. (Art, literature, music) œuvre f ; ( = book on specific subject) ouvrage m

• the complete works of Shakespeare les œuvres fpl complètes de Shakespeare

• works of fiction ouvrages mpl de fiction

2. intransitive verb

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

► For work + preposition/adverb combinations see also phrasal verbs.

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

   a. (gen) travailler

• to work hard travailler dur

• he is working at his German il travaille son allemand

• he works in publishing il travaille dans l'édition

► to work on

• he worked on the car all morning il a travaillé sur la voiture toute la matinée

• have you solved the problem? -- we're working on it avez-vous résolu le problème ? -- on y travaille

• I've been working on him but haven't yet managed to persuade him j'ai bien essayé de le convaincre, mais je n'y suis pas encore parvenu► to work towards sth œuvrer pour qch

• we are working towards a solution nous essayons de parvenir à une solution

   b. ( = function) [machine, car, scheme] marcher ; [medicine] agir

• the lift isn't working l'ascenseur ne marche pas

• it works off the mains ça marche sur (le) secteur

• this may work in our favour ça pourrait jouer en notre faveur

3. transitive verb

   a. ( = cause to work) [+ person, staff] faire travailler ; [+ lever, pump] actionner ; [+ machine] faire marcher

• I don't know how to work the video je ne sais pas comment faire marcher le magnétoscope

► to work o.s.

• he works himself too hard il travaille trop

   b. ( = bring about) to work wonders [person] faire des merveilles ; [drug, medicine] faire merveille

   c. ( = arrange for) (inf) can you work it so she can come too? pouvez-vous faire en sorte qu'elle vienne aussi ?

   d. ( = manoeuvre) he worked his hands free il est parvenu à libérer ses mains

► to work one's way

• rescuers are working their way towards the trapped men les sauveteurs se fraient un passage jusqu'aux hommes qui sont bloqués

• he worked his way up from nothing il est parti de rien

• he worked his way up from office boy to managing director il est devenu PDG après avoir commencé comme garçon de bureau

   e. ( = shape) [+ metal, wood, dough, clay] travailler

4. compounds

► work area noun espace m de travail

► work ethic noun déontologie f

► work experience noun expérience f professionnelle

► work file noun (Computing) fichier m de travail

► work/life balance noun équilibre m entre vie professionnelle et vie privée

► work load noun charge f de travail

• his work load is too heavy il a trop de travail ► work of art noun œuvre f d'art

► work permit noun permis m de travail

► work prospects plural noun [of student] perspectives fpl

► work space noun espace m de travail

► work station noun poste m de travail

► work surface noun plan m de travail

► work-to-rule noun (British) grève f du zèle

5. Phrasal Verbs

► work out

1. intransitive verb

   a. [plan, arrangement] marcher

• it's all working out as planned tout se déroule comme prévu

• things didn't work out (well) for her les choses ont plutôt mal tourné pour elle

• it will work out all right in the end tout finira par s'arranger

   b. [amount] it works out at $50 per child il faut compter 50 dollars par enfant

   c. ( = exercise) faire de la musculation

2. separable transitive verb

( = figure out) [+ problem, equation] résoudre ; [+ total] trouver ; [+ plan] mettre au point

• I'll have to work it out (counting) il faut que je calcule

• he finally worked out why she'd gone il a fini par comprendre pourquoi elle était partie

• I can't work him out (inf) je n'arrive pas à comprendre comment il fonctionne► work through inseparable transitive verb

( = resolve emotionally) assumer

► work up

1. intransitive verb

• the book works up to a dramatic ending le roman s'achemine progressivement vers un dénouement spectaculaire

• I thought he was working up to asking me for a divorce je croyais qu'il préparait le terrain pour demander le divorce

2. separable transitive verb

   a. ( = rouse) he worked the crowd up into a frenzy il a déchaîné l'enthousiasme de la foule

• to get worked up s'énerver

• he worked himself up into a rage il s'est mis dans une colère noire

   b. ( = develop) [+ trade, business] développer

• he worked this small firm up into a major company il a réussi à faire de cette petite société une grande entreprise

• I worked up an appetite/thirst carrying all those boxes ça m'a mis en appétit/m'a donné soif de porter toutes ces caisses

• I can't work up much enthusiasm for the plan j'ai du mal à m'enthousiasmer pour ce projet

* * *
[wɜːk] 1.
noun

1) ( physical or mental activity) travail m (on sur)

to be at work on something — être en train de travailler à quelque chose

to go ou set ou get to work — se mettre au travail

to set to work doing — se mettre à faire

to put a lot of work into — travailler [essay, speech]; passer beaucoup de temps sur [meal, preparations]

to put ou set somebody to work — faire travailler quelqu'un

we put him to work doing — nous lui avons donné pour tâche de faire

it was hard work doing — ça a été dur de faire

to be hard at work — travailler consciencieusement

your essay needs more work — tu dois travailler davantage ta rédaction

to make short ou light work of something — expédier quelque chose

to make short work of somebody — envoyer promener quelqu'un

it's all in a day's work — c'est une question d'habitude

it's hot/thirsty work — ça donne chaud/soif

2) ( occupation) travail m

to be in work — avoir du travail or un emploi

place of work — lieu m de travail

to be off work — ( on vacation) être en congé

to be off work with flu — être en arrêt de travail parce qu'on a la grippe

to be out of work — être au chômage

3) ( place of employment) ( office) bureau m; ( factory) usine f

to go to work — aller au travail

don't phone me at work — ne me téléphone pas à mon travail

4) (building, construction) travaux mpl (on sur)

5) ( papers)

to take one's work home — lit emporter du travail chez soi; fig ramener ses soucis professionnels à la maison

6) (achievement, product) (essay, report) travail m; (artwork, novel, sculpture) œuvre f (by de); ( study) ouvrage m (by de; on sur)

is this all your own work? — est-ce que vous l'avez fait tout seul?

to mark students' work — noter les devoirs des étudiants

a work of genius — une œuvre de génie

a work of reference — un ouvrage de référence

this attack is the work of professionals — l'attaque est l'œuvre de professionnels

7) ( research) recherches fpl (on sur)

8) ( effect)

to go to work — [drug, detergent] agir
2.
works plural noun

1) ( factory) usine f

works canteen — cantine f de l'usine

2) ( building work) travaux mpl

3) (colloq) ( everything)

the (full ou whole) works — toute la panoplie (colloq)
3.
noun modifier [ clothes, shoes] de travail; [ phone number] au travail
4.
transitive verb

1) ( drive)

to work somebody hard — surmener quelqu'un

2) ( labour)

to work shifts — travailler en équipes (de travail posté)

to work days/nights — travailler de jour/de nuit

to work one's way through university — travailler pour payer ses études

to work one's way through a book — lire péniblement un livre, venir à bout (colloq) d'un livre

to work a 40 hour week — faire la semaine de 40 heures

3) ( operate) se servir de

4) ( exploit commercially) exploiter

5) ( have as one's territory) couvrir [region]

6) ( consume)

to work one's way through — ( use) utiliser [amount, quantity]

7) ( bring about)

to work wonders — lit, fig faire des merveilles

8) ( use to one's advantage)

to work the system — profiter du système

how did you manage to work it? — comment as-tu pu arranger ça?

I've worked things so that... — j'ai arrangé les choses de sorte que...

9) ( fashion) travailler [clay, metal]

10) ( embroider) broder

11) ( manœuvre)

to work something into — introduire quelque chose dans [slot, hole]

to work a lever up and down — actionner un levier

12) ( exercise) faire travailler [muscles]

13) ( move)

to work one's way through — se frayer un passage à travers [crowd]

to work one's way along — avancer le long de [ledge]

to work one's hands free — se libérer les mains

it worked its way ou itself loose — cela s'est desserré peu à peu

to work its way into — passer dans

start at the top and work your way down — commencez par le haut et continuez jusqu'en bas
5.
intransitive verb

1) ( engage in activity) travailler ( doing à faire)

to work at home — travailler à domicile

to work for a living — gagner sa vie

to work in oils — [painter] travailler à l'huile

2) ( strive) lutter ( against contre; for pour; to do pour faire)

to work towards — se diriger vers [solution]; s'acheminer vers [compromise]; négocier [agreement]

3) ( function) fonctionner

to work on electricity — marcher or fonctionner à l'électricité

to work off the mains — marcher sur secteur

the washing machine isn't working — la machine à laver est en panne

4) (act, operate)

it doesn't ou things don't work like that — ça ne marche pas comme ça

to work on the assumption that — présumer que

to work in somebody's favour —

to work to somebody's advantage — tourner à l'avantage de quelqu'un

to work against somebody —

to work to somebody's disadvantage — jouer en la défaveur de quelqu'un

5) ( be successful) [treatment] avoir de l'effet; [detergent, drug] agir; [plan] réussir; [argument] tenir debout

flattery won't work with me — la flatterie ne marche pas avec moi

the adaptation really works — l'adaptation est vraiment réussie

6) [face, features] se contracter
6.
reflexive verb

1) ( labour)

to work oneself too hard — se surmener

to work oneself to death — se tuer à la tâche

2)

to work oneself into a rage — se mettre en colère

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- work around

- work in

- work off

- work on

- work out

- work over

- work to

- work up

••

to work one's way up — gravir tous les échelons

to work one's way up the company — faire son chemin dans l'entreprise

English-French dictionary > work
8 exercise

1. n упражнение, тренировка

leg exercise — упражнение для ног

mild exercise — легкое упражнение

type of exercise — вид упражнения

exercise PB — упражнение на брусьях

floor exercise — вольные упражнения

2. n обыкн. упражнения; комплекс упражнений

five-finger exercises — фортепьянные упражнения, экзерсисы

map exercises — учебные занятия по карте

compulsory exercises — обязательные упражнения

voluntary exercises — произвольные упражнения

conditioning exercises — подготовительные упражнения

floor exercises — вольные упражнения

pre-water exercises — упражнения на суше

chest exercise — упражнение для развития мышц грудной клетки

toe - pointing exercise — упражнение для оттягивания носков

wall - bars exercise — упражнения на гимнастической стенке

exercise tones up the muscles — упражнения укрепляют мышцы

five-finger exercise — музыкальное упражнение для пальцев

3. n упражнение; задача; пример

an exercise in geometry — задача по геометрии

to do an exercise in English — выполнять упражнение по английскому языку

to take exercise — делать моцион, гулять; делать гимнастику

power - building exercise — упражнение для развития силы

strength - balance exercise — силобалансовое упражнение

physique - building exercise — упражнение с отягощением

flexibility exercise — упражнения для развития гибкости

exercise ergometer — эргометр для физических упражнений

4. n осуществление, применение; проявление

the exercise of hospitality — проявление гостеприимства

exercise of rights — осуществление прав

exercise of parental authority — применение родительской власти

exercise of functions — отправление обязанностей

exercise of judgment — самостоятельная оценка

an exercise in compromise — принятие компромиссного решения

exercise of — осуществление

exercise of discretion — осуществление усмотрения

5. n амер. церемония, торжества, празднества

commencement exercises — выпускной акт ; торжественное собрание, посвящённое выпуску

6. n обряды, ритуал

religious exercises — религиозные обряды; церковная служба

7. n научный диспут

8. n воен. учение, занятие; боевая подготовка

military exercises — военные учения

exercise cruise — учебное плавание, тренировочный поход

exercise ground — учебное поле, учебный плац

night exercise — ночное учение

battle exercise — боевое учение

test exercise — смотровое учение

logistic exercise — тыловое учение

military exercise — военные учения

9. v упражнять, развивать, тренировать

to exercise the body with some labour — укреплять тело физическим трудом

10. v упражняться, тренироваться

we exercise every day — мы тренируемся каждый день

11. v выполнять

perform an exercise — выполнять упражнения

12. v делать моцион или физическую зарядку, двигаться

you do not exercise enough — вы мало двигаетесь

you need physical exercise — вам необходимо больше двигаться

to do an exercise orally — делать упражнение устно

the value of exercise — важное значение моциона

exercise stress — физическая нагрузка

healthy exercise — полезный моцион

13. v осуществлять, применять, использовать; пользоваться; проявлять

to exercise administration — осуществлять управление

to exercise dominion over — иметь власть над

to exercise functions — выполнять функции, исполнять обязанности

to exercise a right — использовать право

exercise power — использовать власть

to exercise rights — осуществлять права

exercise watch — осуществлять наблюдение

exercise restraint — проявлять сдержанность

exercise jurisdiction — осуществлять юрисдикцию

14. v преим. волновать, тревожить, беспокоить

the problem that is exercising our minds — проблема, волнующая умы

15. v воен. проводить учения

the exercise has been scrub bed out — учения были отложены

operational field exercise — оперативное полевое учение

amphibious landing exercise — морское десантное учение

tactical training exercise — тактическое учение

head-quarter exercise — командно-штабное учение

Синонимический ряд:

1. action (noun) action; calisthenics; labor; labour; toil; work; workout

2. lecture (noun) lecture; lesson; recitation

3. procedure (noun) ceremony; observance; procedure; ritual; service

4. study (noun) discipline; drill; drilling; maneuver; operation; practice; rehearsal; schooling; study; training

5. use (noun) activity; application; employment; exercising; exertion; performance; play; rehearse; usage; use

6. afflict (verb) afflict; burden; pain; trouble; worry

7. annoy (verb) abrade; annoy; bother; chafe; fret; gall; irk; provoke; ruffle; vex

8. drill (verb) drill; operate; practice; rehearse; work out

9. exert (verb) exert; ply; put out; throw; wield

10. perform (verb) discharge; execute; fulfil; implement; perform

11. train (verb) discipline; school; train

12. use (verb) actuate; apply; bestow; effect; employ; exploit; handle; practise; try; use; utilise; utilize

Антонимический ряд:

ease; idleness; inactivity; indolence; laziness; relaxation; rest; sluggishness

English-Russian base dictionary > exercise
9 work

work

A n

1 ( physical or mental activity) travail m (on sur) ; to be at work on sth être en train de travailler à qch ; to watch sb at work regarder qn (en train de) travailler ; to go to ou set to ou get to work se mettre au travail ; to go to ou set to ou get to work on sth se mettre à travailler à or faire qch ; to set to work doing se mettre à faire ; to put a lot of work into travailler [essay, speech] ; passer beaucoup de temps sur [meal, preparations] ; to put a lot of work into doing passer beaucoup de temps à faire ; to put ou set sb to work faire travailler qn ; we put him to work doing nous lui avons donné pour tâche de faire ; it was hard work doing ça a été dur de faire ; to be hard at work travailler consciencieusement ; your essay needs more work tu dois travailler davantage ta rédaction ; there's still a lot of work to be done il reste encore beaucoup à faire ; I've got work to do j'ai du travail à faire ; to make short ou light work of sth expédier qch ; to make short work of sb envoyer promener qn ; it's all in a day's work c'est une question d'habitude ; ‘good ou nice work’ ( on written work) ‘bon travail’ ; ( orally) ‘c'est bien!’ ; it's hot/thirsty work ça donne chaud/soif ;

2 ( occupation) travail m ; to be in work avoir du travail or un emploi ; to look for work chercher du travail ; day/night work travail de jour/nuit ; place of work lieu m de travail ; to start ou begin work ( daily) commencer le travail ; ( for the first time) commencer à travailler ; to stop work ( at the end of the day) terminer son travail ; ( on retirement) cesser de travailler ; to be off work ( on vacation) être en congé ; to be off work with flu être en arrêt de travail parce qu'on a la grippe ; to be out of work être au chômage ; nice work if you can get it ○ ! c'est une bonne planque ○ ! ;

3 ( place of employment) ( office) bureau m ; ( factory) usine f ; to go to work aller au travail ; don't phone me at work ne me téléphone pas à mon travail ; there's a canteen at work il y a une cantine à mon travail ;

4 (building, construction) travaux mpl (on sur) ;

5 ( papers) to take one's work home lit emporter du travail chez soi ; fig ramener ses soucis professionnels à sa famille ; spread your work out on the table étale tes papiers sur la table ;

6 (achievement, product) (essay, report) travail m ; (artwork, novel, sculpture) œuvre f (by de) ; ( study) ouvrage m (by de ; on sur) ; an exhibition of work by young artists une exposition d'œuvres de jeunes artistes ; he sells his work to tourists il vend ses créations aux touristes ; is this all your own work? est-ce que vous l'avez fait tout seul? ; to mark students' work noter les devoirs des étudiants ; his work isn't up to standard son travail n'a pas le niveau requis ; the research was the work of a team la recherche était l'œuvre d'une équipe ; a work of genius une œuvre de génie ; a work of fiction une œuvre de fiction ; a work of reference un ouvrage de référence ; this attack is the work of professionals l'attaque est l'œuvre de professionnels ; I hope you're pleased with your work! iron j'espère que tu es fier de ton œuvre! iron ; the works of Shakespeare/Flaubert l'œuvre m de Shakespeare/Flaubert ;

7 Phys travail m ;

8 ( research) recherches fpl (on sur) ; there is still a lot of work to be done on the virus il y a encore beaucoup de recherches à faire sur le virus ;

9 ( effect) to go to work [drug, detergent] agir ; the weedkiller has done its work l'herbicide a été efficace.

B works npl

1 ( factory) usine f ; works canteen cantine f de l'usine ;

2 ( building work) travaux mpl ; public works travaux publics ;

3 ○ ( everything) the (full ou whole) works toute la panoplie ○.

C modif [clothes, shoes] de travail ; [phone number] au travail.

D vtr

1 ( drive) to work sb hard surmener qn ;

2 ( labour) to work shifts travailler en équipes (de travail posté) ; to work days/nights travailler de jour/de nuit ; to work one's passage Naut travailler pour payer son voyage ; to work one's way through university travailler pour payer ses études ; to work one's way through a book/document lire un livre/document ; to work a 40 hour week faire la semaine de 40 heures ;

3 ( operate) se servir de [computer, equipment, lathe] ;

4 ( exploit commercially) exploiter [oil-field, land, mine, seam] ;

5 ( have as one's territory) [representative] couvrir [region] ; beggars/prostitutes work the streets around the station les mendiants/prostituées occupent les rues autour de la gare ;

6 ( consume) to work one's way through ( use) utiliser [amount, quantity] ; to work one's way through two whole cakes manger deux gâteaux entiers ;

7 ( bring about) to work wonders/miracles lit, fig faire des merveilles/miracles ; the landscape started to work its magic on me la magie du paysage a commencé à faire effet ;

8 ( use to one's advantage) to work the system profiter du système ; can you work it for me to get tickets? peux-tu t'arranger pour m'avoir des billets? ; how did you manage to work it? comment as-tu pu arranger ça? ; I've worked things so that… j'ai arrangé les choses de sorte que… (+ subj) ;

9 ( fashion) travailler [clay, dough, gold, iron] ; to work sth to a soft consistency travailler qch pour le rendre malléable ; to work gold into jewellery travailler l'or pour en faire des bijoux ;

10 ( embroider) broder [design] (into sur) ; to be worked in blue silk être brodé à la soie bleue ;

11 ( manoeuvre) to work sth into introduire qch dans [slot, hole] ; to work a lever up and down actionner un levier ;

12 ( exercise) faire travailler [muscles, biceps] ;

13 ( move) to work one's way through se frayer un passage à travers [crowd] ; to work one's way along avancer le long de [ledge, sill] ; to work one's hands free se libérer les mains ; to work the rope loose desserrer la corde ; it worked its way loose, it worked itself loose il s'est desserré peu à peu ; to work its way into passer dans [bloodstream, system, food, chain] ; start at the top and work your way down commencez par le haut et continuez jusqu'en bas.

E vi

1 ( engage in activity) travailler (doing à faire) ; to work at the hospital/the factory travailler à l'hôpital/l'usine ; to work at home travailler à domicile ; to work as a midwife/teacher travailler comme sage-femme/professeur ; to work for sb travailler pour qn ; to work for Grant and Company travailler pour la Société Grant ; to work in advertising/publishing travailler dans la publicité/l'édition ; to work with young people travailler avec les jeunes ; to work for a living gagner sa vie ; to work in oils/watercolours [artist] travailler à l'huile/l'aquarelle ;

2 ( strive) lutter (against contre ; for pour ; to do pour faire) ; to work against corruption lutter contre la corruption ; to work towards se diriger vers [solution] ; s'acheminer vers [compromise] ; négocier [agreement] ;

3 ( function) [equipment, machine] fonctionner, marcher ; [institution, system, heart, brain] fonctionner ; to work on electricity/on gas marcher or fonctionner à l'électricité/au gaz ; to work off the mains marcher sur le secteur ; the washing machine isn't working la machine à laver est en panne or ne marche pas ;

4 (act, operate) it doesn't ou things don't work like that ça ne marche pas comme ça ; to work on the assumption that présumer que ; to work in sb's favour, to work to sb's advantage tourner à l'avantage de qn ; to work against sb, to work to sb's disadvantage jouer en la défaveur de qn ;

5 ( be successful) [treatment] avoir de l'effet ; [detergent, drug] agir (against contre ; on sur) ; [spell] agir ; [plan, plot] réussir ; [argument, hypothesis] tenir debout ; flattery won't work with me la flatterie ne marche pas avec moi ; the adaptation really works l'adaptation est vraiment réussie ; I didn't think the novel would work as a film je ne pensais pas qu'on pouvait tirer un bon film de ce roman ;

6 ( move) [face, features] se contracter.

F v refl

1 ( labour) to work oneself too hard se surmener ; to work oneself to death se tuer à la tâche ;

2 ( rouse) to work oneself into a rage se mettre en colère ; to work oneself into a frenzy ( with anger) se mettre en rage ; ( with hysteria) devenir hystérique.

Idioms

to work one's way up gravir tous les échelons ; to work one's way up the company faire son chemin dans l'entreprise.

Phrasal verbs

■ work around:

▶ work around to [sth] aborder [subject] ; it took him ages to work around to what he wanted to say il lui a fallu un temps fou pour exprimer ce qu'il avait à dire ; to work the conversation around to sth faire tourner la conversation autour de qch ; to work around to telling sb sth parvenir à dire qch à qn.

■ work in:

▶ work in [sth], work [sth] in

1 ( incorporate) glisser [joke, reference] ; mentionner [fact, name] ;

2 Culin incorporer [ingredient].

■ work off:

▶ work [sth] off, work off [sth]

1 ( remove) retirer [lid] ; to work a ring off one's finger ôter une bague avec difficulté ;

2 ( repay) travailler pour rembourser [loan, debt] ;

3 ( get rid of) se débarrasser de [excess weight] ; dépenser [excess energy] ; passer [anger, frustration].

■ work on:

▶ work on continuer à travailler ;

▶ work on [sb] travailler ○ ;

▶ work on [sth] travailler à [book, report] ; travailler sur [project] ; s'occuper de [case, problem] ; chercher [cure, solution] ; examiner [idea, theory] ; I'm working on a way of doing je cherche une façon de faire ; ‘have you found a solution?’-‘I'm working on it’ ‘as-tu trouvé une solution?’-‘j'y réfléchis’ ; he's working on his French il travaille son français ; we've got no clues to work on nous n'avons aucun indice.

■ work out:

▶ work out

1 ( exercise) s'entraîner ;

2 ( go according to plan) [plan, marriage] marcher ; I hope things work out for them j'espère que ça marchera pour eux ;

3 ( add up) to work out at GB ou to US [total, share] s'élever à [amount, proportion] ;

▶ work out [sth], work [sth] out

1 ( calculate) calculer [answer, average, total] ;

2 ( solve) trouver [answer, reason, culprit] ; résoudre [riddle, problem] ; comprendre [clue] ; to work out why/when/where comprendre pourquoi/quand/où ; to work out what sth means comprendre qch ;

3 ( devise) concevoir [plan, scheme] ; trouver [route] ;

4 Admin to work out one's notice faire son mois de préavis ;

5 ( exhaust) épuiser [mine, soil] ;

▶ work [sb] out comprendre ; I can't work her out je ne la comprendrai jamais.

■ work over ○:

▶ work [sb] over passer [qn] à tabac ○.

■ work to:

▶ work to [sth] s'astreindre à [budget] ; to work to deadlines travailler avec des objectifs ; to work to tight deadlines avoir des délais très serrés.

■ work up:

▶ work up [sth] développer [interest] ; accroître [support] ; to work up the courage to do trouver le courage de faire ; to work up some enthusiasm for s'enthousiasmer pour ; to work up an appetite s'ouvrir l'appétit ;

▶ work up to [sth] se préparer à [announcement, confession, confrontation] ; the music is working up to a climax la musique va crescendo pour finir en apothéose ;

▶ work up [sb], work [sb] up

1 ( excite) exciter [child, crowd] ; to work sb up into a frenzy rendre qn énervé ; to work sb up into a rage mettre qn en colère ;

2 ( annoy) énerver ; to get worked up s'énerver ; to work oneself up s'énerver ; to work oneself up into a state se mettre dans tous ses états ; to get oneself all worked up over ou about se mettre dans tous ses états au sujet de.

Big English-French dictionary > work
10 work

wə:k
1. сущ.
1) работа;
труд;
занятие;
дело to quit, stop work ≈ окончить работу, завершить работу They quit work at one o'clock. ≈ Они окончили работу в час дня. to set, get to work ≈ приняться за дело They never do any work. ≈ Они всегда бездельничают. backbreaking work easy work exhausting work hard work paper work physical work shoddy work slipshod work sloppy work social work tiring work undercover work Syn: labour
2) место работы;
занятие;
должность They are still at work. ≈ Они все еще на работе. to go to work ≈ пойти на работу, начать работать to return to work ≈ возвратиться на работу, выйти на работу She'd have enough money to provide for her children until she could find work. ≈ У нее было достаточно денег, чтобы обеспечить детей, пока она не устроится на работу. What kind of work do you do? ≈ Кем вы работаете? Many people travel to work by car. ≈ Многие едут на работу на машине.
3) а) действие, поступок dirty work ≈ грязное дело, грязный, низкий поступок б) мн. дела, деяния
4) продукт, результат деятельности кого-л. или чего-л. а) изделие, продукт delicate, meticulous, precise work ≈ тонкая работа, изящная работа It can help to have an impartial third party look over your work. ≈ Будет полезно, если бы вашу работу (ваше изделие) осмотрел кто-нибудь незаинтересованный. That's a beautiful piece of work. ≈ Это прекрасная работа. б) продукт, эффект, результат ( от работы какого-л. механизма, структуры) careful police work ≈ высокопрофессиональная работа полиции clever camera work ≈ толковая операторская работа в) произведение, работа, сочинение, труд (письменный научного, политического или художественного характера) to exhibit, hang one's works ≈ выставлять чьи-л. полотна (в картинной галерее, в выставочном зале) In my opinion, this is Rembrandt's greatest work. ≈ Я думаю, это самое значительное произведение Рембранта. Under his arm, there was a book which looked like the complete works of Shakespeare. ≈ Он нес под мышкой том, который напоминал полное собрание сочинений Шекспира. collected works published works selected works
5) предприятие, завод, фабрика Syn: plant II, factory
6) а) обыкн. мн.;
воен. фортификационные сооружения, укрепления, оборонительные сооружения б) мн. инженерно-технические сооружения
7) мн. механизм (работающие или движущиеся части какого-л. механизма) works of a clock ≈ часовой механизм
8) мастерство, умение, искусство выполнения, обработка Syn: workmanship, execution
9) вышивание, рукоделие, шитье
10) брожение, ферментация Syn: fermentation
11) физ. работа unit of work ≈ единица работы ∙ I've had my work cut out for me. ≈ У меня дела по горло. to get the works амер. ≈ попасть в переплет to give the works ≈ взять кого-л. в оборот, в работу to go to work on smb. ≈ "обрабатывать" кого-л., оказывать давление на кого-л. to make hard work (of smth.) ≈ преувеличивать трудности (мероприятия и т. п.) to make sure work (with smth.) ≈ обеспечить свой контроль над чем-л.
2. прил. рабочий work clothes ≈ рабочая одежда;
спецодежда
3. гл.
1) работать, заниматься( at - чем-л.), работать в какой-л. области to work hard, to work strenuously ≈ усердно работать, усиленно работать They were working on a new book. ≈ Они работали над новой книгой. You have to work at being friendlier with people. ≈ Тебе нужно учиться быть мягче в общении с людьми She works for a large firm. ≈ Она работает в большой компании She worked herself into a rage. ≈ Она вошла в раж( вдохновилась какой-л. деятельностью) She worked a few jokes into her speech. ≈ Она вставила несколько шуток в свою речь. to work through difficult material ≈ разбираться в трудном материале to work towards a common goal ≈ идти к общей цели to work closely with one's colleagues ≈ работать бок о бок с коллегами to work like a horse/navvy/nigger/slave ≈ работать как вол to work as ≈ работать в качестве( кого-л.), работать (кем-л.)
2) а) функционировать, действовать The pump will not work. ≈ Насос не работает. б) перен. идти, складываться;
иметь действие Our family life does not work any more. ≈ Наша семейная жизнь разладилась (больше не складывается). The medicine did not work. ≈ Лекарство не помогло.
3) прош. вр. и прич. прош. вр. тж. wrought осуществлять, совершать to work miracles ≈ совершать чудеса Syn: effect
2.
4) а) заставлять работать, приводить в действие He worked them nearly to death. ≈ Он заставлял их работать до полного изнеможения. б) эксплуатировать, использовать( чей-л. труд, функциональность какого-л. аппарата) Syn: exploit II в) управлять, осуществлять управление( чем-л.) Syn: This computer is worked from a central server. ≈ Управление этим компьютером осуществляется с центрального сервера.
5) а) быть в движении His face worked with emotion. ≈ Его лицо подергивалось от волнения. б) перен. бродить, вызывать брожение Syn: ferment
2.
6) придумывать, разрабатывать, устраивать( что-л.) He can work it so that you can take your vacation. ≈ Он может устрить все так, что ты сможешь взять отпуск. Syn: contrive, arrange
7) заслужить;
отработать (тж. work out)
8) пробиваться, проникать, прокладывать себе дорогу (тж. work in, work out, work through и др.) to work loose, to work free of ≈ высвободиться, выпростаться ('пробиться' наружу, на волю)
9) прош. вр. и прич. прош. вр. обыкн. wrought а) выковывать;
придавать определенную форму Syn: forge I
2., shape
2. б) заниматься рукоделием, вышивать Syn: embroider
10) прош. вр. и прич. прош. вр. обыкн. wrought обрабатывать;
отделывать;
разрабатывать
11) вычислять;
решать (пример и т. п.)
12) а) разг. обманывать, вымогать, добиваться( чего-л.) обманным путем б) разг. провоцировать на что-л., подстрекать( к чему-л.) ;
доводить себя до какого-л. состояния to work oneself into a rage ≈ довести себя до состояния исступления Syn: excite, provoke ∙ work against work away work for work in work off work on work out work over work up work upon to work it сл. ≈ достигнуть цели to work up to the curtain театр. ≈ играть под занавес работа, труд;
дело;
деятельность - difficult * трудная работа - * horse рабочая лошадь - * clothes рабочая одежда;
спецодежда - right to * право на труд - to do no * ничего не делать;
не трудиться - to set /to get/ to * (on) приняться за дело, начать работать - to set /to go/ about one's * приступать к работе, приниматься за дело - he does not go about his * in the right way он не с того конца берется за дело - to set smb. to * засадить кого-л. за работу, заставить кого-л. работать;
дать кому-л. дело /занятие/ - he is not fond of * он не любит трудиться - he is fond of his * он любит свое дело - I have * to do я занят, мне некогда - I have some * to do in the garden мне нужно кое-что сделать в саду - at * занятый на работе, особ. на постоянной;
действующий, функционирующий;
в действии, в ходу( о машине и т. п.) ;
оказывающий действие, воздействующий - to be at * upon smth. быть занятым чем-л.;
работать над чем-л. - factory at * действующий завод (т.е. не законсервированный) - loom at * включенный /работающий/ ткацкий станок - the forces at * действующие /движущие/ силы - in * в процессе изготовления;
имеющий работу( о рабочем) - three films are in * now в настоящее время готовятся три фильма - out of * безработный - to set a machine to * включить станок - the * of a moment минутное дело - a * of time работа, требующая большой затраты времени - a piece of * задание;
выполненная работа - to set smb. a piece of * дать кому-л. задание - a nice piece of * he has done here! вот это отличная работа!, как хорошо он выполнил работу! место работы;
занятие;
должность - at * на работе - father's at * now отец сейчас на работе - what time do you get to (your) *? когда вы приходите на работу? - he is looking for * он ищет работу - my * is in medicine я работаю в области медицины /я по професии медик/ вид деятельности - agricultural * сельскохозяйственные работы - construction * строительные работы - field * полевые работы - managerial * управленческая работа результат труда;
изделие;
продукт - bad /faulty/ * брак - the villagers sell their * to the tourists жители деревни продают свои изделия туристам произведение, творение, создание;
труд, сочинение - a * of art произведение искусства - *s of Shakespeare произведения /творения/ Шекспира - a learned * научный труд - * of genius гениальный труд - collected /complete/ *s (полное) собрание сочинений - selected *s избранные произведения - the * of God (религия) божье создание (о человеке) - the *s of God мир божий действие, поступок - dirty * грязное дело;
низкий поступок - you did a good day's * when you bought that house вы сделали хорошее дело, купив этот дом pl дела, деяния - *s of mercy благотворительность - good *s добрые дела;
(религия) благочестивые деяния - a person of good *s благотворитель - the *s of the devil козни дьявола - mighty *s чудеса - to reward /to render to/ smb. according to his *(s) (библеизм) воздать кому-л. по делам его результат воздействия, усилий - the broken window must be the * of the boys разбитое окно - это дело рук мальчишек - the brandy has done its * коньяк сделал свое дело - it's clever camera * это умная работа кинооператора рукоделие;
шитье, вышивание;
вязание - fancy * художественная вышивка - crochet * вязание крючком - open * прорезная гладь, ришелье;
ажурная строчка, мережка - plain * шитье - she took her * out into the garden она вышла с рукоделием в сад обработка;
предмет обработки;
обрабатываемая заготовка;
обрабатываемая деталь - hot * (техническое) горячая обработка( физическое) работа - unit of * единица работы (диалектизм) боль (специальное) пена при брожении;
брожение (сленг) крапленая кость > to have one's * cut out for one иметь перед собой трудную задачу;
придется потрудиться;
хлопот не оберешься > all in the day's * это все в порядке вещей;
это все нормально > not dry /thirsty/ * непыльная работенка > to make short /quick/ * of smth. быстро разделаться с чем-л. > to make short /quick/ * of smb. в два счета расправиться с кем-л. /отделаться от кого-л./ > to make a piece of * about smth. раздувать /преувеличивать/ трудность чего-л.;
делать из чего-л. целое дело /-ую историю/ > all * and no play makes Jack a dull boy (пословица) Джек в дружбе с делом, в ссоре с бездельем - бедняга Джек не знаком с весельем работать, трудиться - to * like a horse /like a navvy, like a slave / работать как вол - to * at smth. заниматься чем-л.;
работать над чем-л.;
изучать что-л. - to * at a question разрабатывать вопрос - we have no data to * on мы не можем работать, так как у нас нет исходных данных работать по найму;
служить - he isn't *ing now он сейчас не работает (безработный или на пенсии) - he *s in a factory он работает на заводе /на фабрике/ - they * for a farmer они работают у фермера заставлять работать - to * smb. to death свести кого-л. в могилу непосильным трудом - to * one's fingers to the bone измучить себя работой - she *s her servants too hard она совсем загоняла прислугу действовать, работать;
быть в исправности - the pump will not * насос не работает - the handle *s freely ручка поворачивается свободно - his heart is *ing badly у него плохо работает сердце приводить в движение или в действие - to * a ship управлять судном - to * a typewriter печатать на машинке - machinery *ed by electricity машины, приводимые в движение электричеством - he *ed his jaws у него задвигались желваки на скулах двигаться, быть в движении;
шевелиться - waves *ed to and fro волны метались - conscience was *ing within him в нем зашевелилась /проснулась/ совесть - his face *ed with emotion его лицо подергивалось от волнения - her mouth *ed у нее дрожали губы (past и p.p. тж. wrought;
on, upon) действовать, оказывать воздействие - to * on smb.'s sympathies стараться вызвать чье-л. сочувствие - the medicine did not * лекарство не подействовало /не возымело действия/ - it *ed like a charm( разговорное) это оказало магическое действие (past. и p.p. тж. wrought) обрабатывать;
разрабатывать - to * farmland обрабатывать землю - to * a quarry разрабатывать карьер - to * dough месить тесто - to * butter сбивать масло - to * a constituency обрабатывать избирателей - to * smb. to one's way of thinking склонять кого-л. на свою сторону;
внушать кому-л. свои убеждения - this salesman *s the North Wales district этот коммивояжер объезжает район Северного Уэльса (past и р.р. тж. wrought) поддаваться обработке, воздействию - butter *s more easily in this weather в такую погоду масло сбивается легче (тж. * out) отрабатывать, платить трудом - to * one's passage отработать проезд( на пароходе в качестве матроса и т. п.) ;
(сленг) не отлынивать от работы;
тянуть лямку вместе со всеми( разговорное) использовать - to * one's connections использовать свои связи - to * one's charm to get one's way использовать личное обаяние, чтобы добиться своего( разговорное) добиваться обманным путем;
вымогать, выманивать - he *ed the management for a ticket он ухитрился получить билет у администрации устраивать - I'll * it if I can я постараюсь это устроить заниматься рукоделием;
шить;
вышивать;
вязать - to * a design on linen вышивать узор на полотне - she is *ing a sweater она вяжет свитер( past и p.p. тж. wrought) вызывать, причинять (часто что-л. неожиданное или неприятное) - to * mischief сеять раздор - to * harm принести /причинить/ вред;
нанести ущерб;
наделать бед - to * the ruin of smb. погубить кого-л. - the storm *ed /wrought/ great ruin ураган произвел большие разрушения - time has *ed /wrought/ many changes время принесло много перемен - the frost *ed havoc with the crop мороз погубил урожай( past и р.р. тж. wrought) творить, создавать - to * wonders /miracles/ творить /делать/ чудеса - we must * our own happiness мы сами должны быть творцами своего счастья бродить (о напитках) вызывать брожение (о дрожжах и т. п.) будоражить (тж. * out, * up) вычислять (сумму) ;
решать (задачу и т. п.) - to * a problem in algebra решать алгебраическую задачу - to work against smb., smth. бороться против кого-л., чего-л. - to * against poverty бороться с нищетой - he has always *ed against reform он всегда противился проведению реформ - time is *ing against them время работает против них - to work for smth. бороться за что-л.;
содействовать чему-л.;
прилагать усилия для чего-л. - to * for peace бороться за мир - to * for the public good трудиться на благо общества - all things *ed for our good все обстоятельства благоприятствовали нам - to work (one's way) to /through, etc./ smth. пробираться, проникать куда-л. через что-л. - to * one's way upwards медленно взбираться на гору и т. п. - to * one's way down производить медленный и осторожный спуск с горы и т. п. - to * up to a climax приближаться к развязке - he *ed his way to the front of the crowd он протиснулся вперед через толпу - he *ed his way up to the presidency он пробился на пост председателя - the heavier particles * to the bottom тяжелые частицы медленно оседают на дно - her elbow has *ed through her sleeve у нее рукав протерся на локте (past и р.р. часто wrought) - to work smb. into a state, to work oneself into a state: - to * oneself into a rage довести себя до исступления - he *ed himself into a position of leadership он добился руководящего положения - to work smth. out of smth. с трудом извлекать что-л. откуда-л. - to * the key out of the hole с трудом вынуть ключ из замочной скважины - to work smth. into smth. с трудом втиснуть что-л. куда-л. - to * one's foot into a boot с трудом всунуть ногу в ботинок - to work (smb., smth.) + прилагательное: постепенно или с трудом приводить( кого-л., что-л.) в какое-л. состояние - to * one's hands free высвободить руки - to * smb. free освобождать кого-л. - to * smth. tight постепенно затягивать что-л. - to work (oneself) + прилагательное: постепенно или с трудом приходить в какое-л. состояние - to * oneself free с трудом освободиться( о связанном человеке) - to * tight постепенно затягиваться - the knot has *ed loose узел развязался - to work out at smth. составлять какое-л. число, выражаться в какой-л. цифре - the cost *ed out at $5 a head издержки составили 5 долларов на человека > to * one's will добиваться своего > to * one's will upon smb. навязывать кому-л. свою волю;
расправляться с кем-л. по своему усмотрению > it won't * это не выйдет;
номер не пройдет > I don't think your plan will * я не думаю, что ваш план осуществим > to * it (сленг) достигнуть цели > to * up to the curtain (театроведение) играть "под занавес" > to * to rule проводить итальянскую забастовку (выполнять работу по всем правилам с целью замедлить ее темп) able to ~ трудоспособный;
способный выполнять работу additional ~ дополнительная работа administrative ~ конторская работа agricultural ~ сельскохозяйственная работа agricultural ~ сельскохозяйственные работы all in the day's ~ в порядке вещей;
нормальный;
to make hard work (of smth.) преувеличивать трудности (мероприятия и т. п.) any ~ любая работа assessment ~ налог. работа по оценке недвижимого имущества autonomous ~ автономная работа batch ~ вчт. пакетная работа ~ работа;
труд;
занятие;
дело;
at work за работой;
to be at work (upon smth.) быть занятым (чем-л.) blasting ~ подрывная работа casual ~ внеплановая работа casual ~ временная работа casual ~ нерегулярная работа casual ~ случайная работа cease ~ прекращать работу charity ~ благотворительная деятельность committee ~ работа комиссии community ~ общинные работы compiled ~ компиляция construction ~ строительная работа construction ~ строительные работы constructive social ~ полезная общественная работа continuous shift ~ непрерывная сменная работа contract ~ подрядная работа contract ~ работа, выполняемая по заказу contract ~ работа по договору copyright ~ произведение, охраняемое авторским правом ~ out составлять, выражаться (в такой-то цифре) ;
the costs work out at 50 издержки составляют 50 фунтов стерлингов cottage ~ надомная работа cottage ~ надомный промысел day ~ дневная работа domestic ~ домашняя работа the dye works its way in краска впитывается;
to work one's way прокладывать себе дорогу;
пробиваться educational ~ воспитательная работа educational ~ обучение excavation ~ выемка грунта, земляные работы extra ~ дополнительная работа field ~ полевые работы freelance ~ работа без контракта full-time ~ полная занятость full-time ~ работа, занимающая все рабочее время full-time ~ работа полный рабочий день to get the ~s амер. = попасть в переплет;
to give (smb.) the works = взять (кого-л.) в оборот, в работу to get the ~s амер. = попасть в переплет;
to give (smb.) the works = взять (кого-л.) в оборот, в работу guarantee ~ гарантированный объем работы hard ~ рын.тр. тяжелая работа to set (или to get) to ~ приняться за дело;
to have one's work cut out for one иметь много дел, забот, работы ~ in вставлять, вводить;
he worked in a few jokes in his speech он вставил несколько шуток в свою речь ~ заставлять работать;
he worked them long hours он заставлял их долго работать ~ быть в движении;
his face worked with emotion его лицо подергивалось от волнения ~ in соответствовать;
his plans do not work in with ours его планы расходятся с нашими household ~ работа по дому I've had my ~ cut out for me y меня дела по горло in ~ имеющий работу;
out of work безработный;
to set (smb.) to work дать работу, засадить за работу industrial construction ~ строительство промышленного объекта intellectual ~ интеллектуальный труд interim audit ~ промежуточная ревизия interim audit ~ ревизия за неполный расчетный период it was the ~ of a moment to call him вызвать его было делом одной минуты it won't ~ = этот номер не пройдет;
это не выйдет;
to work up to the curtain театр. играть под занавес job ~ индивидуальное производство job ~ сдельная работа lay ~ социальная деятельность церкви literary ~ литературная работа literary ~ литературное произведение all in the day's ~ в порядке вещей;
нормальный;
to make hard work (of smth.) преувеличивать трудности (мероприятия и т. п.) ~ to rule строгое выполнение условий трудового соглашения (коллективного договора и т. п.) ;
to make sure work (with smth.) обеспечить свой контроль (над чем-л.) manual ~ ручной труд manual ~ физический труд mechanical ~ механизированный труд mechanical ~ механическая работа medical social ~ медицинская социальная работа ~ действовать, оказывать действие;
возыметь действие (on, upon - на) ;
the medicine did not work лекарство не помогло mental health ~ работа по охране психического здоровья mind one's ~ заниматься своим делом mine ~ горные работы night ~ ночная работа night ~ работа в ночную смену occasional ~ временная работа occasional ~ случайная работа occupational ~ профессиональная работа occupational ~ работа по специальности office ~ канцелярская работа outdoor ~ работа вне стен учреждения outreach ~ мобильная социальная работа;
работа производимая мобильными группами overtime ~ сверхурочная работа own ~ собственная работа paid ~ оплаченная работа part-time ~ неполная занятость part-time ~ работа на неполный рабочий день part-time ~ работа неполное рабочее время part-time ~ работа неполный рабочий день part-time ~ частичная безработица permanent ~ постоянная работа physical ~ физическая работа, физический труд ~ out срабатывать;
быть успешным, реальным;
the plan worked out план оказался реальным preventive social ~ превентивная социальная работа;
работа по предупреждению (напр. наркомании, алкоголизма и т.д.) process ~ полигр. многокрасочная печать газетной продукции procure ~ обеспечивать работой production ~ произ. основное производство productive sheltered ~ производственная работа в специальных защищенных мастерских professional ~ профессиональная работа public health ~ работа по государственному здравоохранению ~ действовать, быть или находиться в действии;
the pump will not work насос не работает repair ~ ремонтная работа repetition ~ тех. массовое производство;
серийное производство;
шаблонная работа rotating shift ~ скользящий график работы sales ~ торговая деятельность salvage ~ спасательные работы seasonal ~ сезонная работа sheltered ~ защищенная работа;
система обеспечения рабочих мест для инвалидов в специальных мастерских или производственных участках предприятия shift ~ посменная работа shift ~ сменная работа short-time ~ временная работа short-time ~ кратковременная работа skilled ~ квалифицированная работа social case ~ общественная патронажная работа social group ~ работа социальной группы;
деятельность группы по социальным делам social ~ общественный труд social ~ патронаж social ~ социальная работа;
работа по обеспечению ухода за престарелыми и инвалидами stevedore ~ работа по погрузке или разгрузке корабля stevedoring ~ работа по погрузке или разгрузке корабля stowage ~ стивидорные работы temperance ~ работа по сдерживанию (употребления спиртных напитков и т. д.) temporary ~ временная работа ~ pl механизм (особ. часов) ;
there is something wrong with the works механизм не в порядке time ~ поденная работа translation ~ работа переводчика ~ физ. работа;
unit of work единица работы unperformed ~ невыполненная работа urgent ~ срочная работа voluntary ~ добровольная работа ~ действие, поступок;
wild work дикий поступок women's ~ женский труд work: to make short work( of smth., smb.) (быстро) разделаться (с чем-л.), расправиться (с кем-л.) ~ бродить или вызывать брожение ~ брожение ~ быть в движении;
his face worked with emotion его лицо подергивалось от волнения ~ вести ~ (upon smth.) влиять( на что-л.) ;
to work upon (smb.'s) conscience подействовать на (чью-л.) совесть ~ вычислять;
решать (пример и т. п.) ~ действие, поступок;
wild work дикий поступок ~ действие ~ действовать, оказывать действие;
возыметь действие (on, upon - на) ;
the medicine did not work лекарство не помогло ~ действовать, быть или находиться в действии;
the pump will not work насос не работает ~ действовать ~ загрузка ~ заниматься рукоделием, вышивать ~ заслужить;
отработать (тж. work out) ;
to work one's passage отработать свой проезд на пароходе ~ заставлять работать;
he worked them long hours он заставлял их долго работать ~ изделие ~ использовать в своих целях ~ pl механизм (особ. часов) ;
there is something wrong with the works механизм не в порядке ~ работать, быть специалистом, работать в (какой-л.) области ~ разг. обманывать, вымогать, добиваться (чего-л.) обманным путем;
work against действовать против;
work away продолжать работать ~ (past & p. p. обыкн. wrought) обрабатывать;
отделывать;
разрабатывать;
to work the soil обрабатывать почву;
to work a vein разрабатывать жилу ~ обрабатывать ~ обработанная деталь ~ обработка ~ обработка ~ pl общественные работы (тж. public works) ~ объем работы ~ приводить в движение или действие;
управлять( машиной и т. п.) ;
вести (предприятие) ~ (past & p. p. часто wrought) (искусственно) приводить себя в (какое-л.) состояние (тж. work up, into) ;
to work oneself into a rage довести себя до исступления ~ (past & p. p. обыкн. wrought) придавать определенную форму или консистенцию;
месить;
ковать ~ (past & p. p. тж. wrought) причинять, вызывать;
to work changes вызывать или производить изменения;
to work miracles делать чудеса ~ пробиваться, проникать, прокладывать себе дорогу (тж. work in, work out, work through и др.) ~ продукция ~ произведение, сочинение, труд;
a work of art произведение искусства ~ физ. работа;
unit of work единица работы ~ работа;
труд;
занятие;
дело;
at work за работой;
to be at work (upon smth.) быть занятым (чем-л.) ~ работа ~ (в некоторых значениях past & p. p. wrought) работать, заниматься (at - чем-л.) ~ работать ~ рабочее задание ~ разрабатывать ~ распутать, выпростать ( из чего-л.;
обыкн. work loose, work free of) ~ рукоделие, шитье, вышивание ~ pl технические сооружения;
строительные работы ~ труд ~ (обыкн. pl) воен. фортификационные сооружения, укрепления ~ эксплуатировать ~ библ. дела, деяния ~ (past & p. p. обыкн. wrought) обрабатывать;
отделывать;
разрабатывать;
to work the soil обрабатывать почву;
to work a vein разрабатывать жилу ~ разг. обманывать, вымогать, добиваться (чего-л.) обманным путем;
work against действовать против;
work away продолжать работать ~ attr. рабочий;
work station( или position) рабочее место( у конвейера) ;
work horse рабочая лошадь ~ разг. обманывать, вымогать, добиваться (чего-л.) обманным путем;
work against действовать против;
work away продолжать работать ~ (past & p. p. тж. wrought) причинять, вызывать;
to work changes вызывать или производить изменения;
to work miracles делать чудеса ~ for стремиться( к чему-л.) ;
to work for peace бороться за мир ~ for a wage or salary работать по найму ~ for стремиться (к чему-л.) ;
to work for peace бороться за мир ~ attr. рабочий;
work station( или position) рабочее место (у конвейера) ;
work horse рабочая лошадь ~ in вставлять, вводить;
he worked in a few jokes in his speech он вставил несколько шуток в свою речь ~ in пригнать ~ in проникать, прокладывать себе дорогу ~ in соответствовать;
his plans do not work in with ours его планы расходятся с нашими ~ in process незавершенное производство ~ in process обрабатываемое изделие ~ in process полуфабрикат ~ in progress выполняемая работа ~ in progress незавершенное производство ~ in progress on behalf of third parties работа, выполняемая в интересах третьих лиц to ~ against time стараться кончить к определенному сроку;
to work it sl. достигнуть цели to ~ like a horse (или a navvy, a nigger, a slave) работать как вол ~ (past & p. p. тж. wrought) причинять, вызывать;
to work changes вызывать или производить изменения;
to work miracles делать чудеса ~ произведение, сочинение, труд;
a work of art произведение искусства ~ of art произведение искусства ~ of comparable worth работа сопоставимой ценности ~ of reference упомянутая работа ~ of reference цитируемая работа ~ of seasonal nature сезонная работа ~ off вымещать;
to work off one's bad temper( on smb.) срывать свое плохое настроение( на ком-л.) ~ off освободиться, отделаться (от чего-л.) ;
to work off one's excess weight = сбросить лишний вес, похудеть ~ off распродать ~ off вымещать;
to work off one's bad temper (on smb.) срывать свое плохое настроение( на ком-л.) ~ off освободиться, отделаться (от чего-л.) ;
to work off one's excess weight = сбросить лишний вес, похудеть ~ on Sundays and public holidays работа по воскресеньям и в праздничные дни ~ заслужить;
отработать (тж. work out) ;
to work one's passage отработать свой проезд на пароходе the dye works its way in краска впитывается;
to work one's way прокладывать себе дорогу;
пробиваться to ~ one's will поступать, как вздумается;
делать по-своему;
to work one's will (upon smb.) заставлять (кого-л.) делать по-своему to ~ one's will поступать, как вздумается;
делать по-своему;
to work one's will (upon smb.) заставлять (кого-л.) делать по-своему ~ (past & p. p. часто wrought) (искусственно) приводить себя в (какое-л.) состояние (тж. work up, into) ;
to work oneself into a rage довести себя до исступления ~ out вычислять ~ out добиваться ~ out истощать ~ out определять путем вычисления ~ out отрабатывать ~ out отработать (долг и т. п.) ~ out получать в результате упорного труда ~ out разрабатывать (план) ;
составлять (документ) ;
подбирать цифры, цитаты ~ out разрабатывать план ~ out решать (задачу) ~ out вчт. решать ~ out вчт. решить ~ out с трудом добиться ~ out составлять, выражаться (в такой-то цифре) ;
the costs work out at 50 издержки составляют 50 фунтов стерлингов ~ out составлять документ ~ out срабатывать;
быть успешным, реальным;
the plan worked out план оказался реальным ~ over перерабатывать;
to work over a letter переделывать письмо ~ over перерабатывать;
to work over a letter переделывать письмо to ~ side by side( with smb.) тесно сотрудничать( с кем-л.) ;
to work towards (smth.) способствовать( чему-л.) ~ (past & p. p. обыкн. wrought) обрабатывать;
отделывать;
разрабатывать;
to work the soil обрабатывать почву;
to work a vein разрабатывать жилу ~ to capacity работать с полной нагрузкой ~ to rule проводить итальянскую забастовку ~ to rule работа по правлиам (вид забастовки) ~ to rule работать строго по правилам ~ to rule строгое выполнение условий трудового соглашения (коллективного договора и т. п.) ;
to make sure work (with smth.) обеспечить свой контроль (над чем-л.) ~ to rule тормозить работу точным соблюдением всех правил to ~ side by side (with smb.) тесно сотрудничать (с кем-л.) ;
to work towards (smth.) способствовать (чему-л.) ~ up (past & p. p. часто wrought) возбуждать, вызывать;
to work up an appetite нагулять себе аппетит;
to work up a rebellion подстрекать к бунту ~ up (past & p. p. часто wrought) действовать (на кого-л.) ~ up (past & p. p. часто wrought) добиваться, завоевывать;
to work up a reputation завоевать репутацию ~ up добиваться ~ up доходить ~ up обрабатывать ~ up (past & p. p. часто wrought) отделывать, придавать законченный вид ~ up отделывать ~ up приближаться ~ up придавать законченный вид ~ up (past & p. p. часто wrought) разрабатывать ~ up (past & p. p. часто wrought) смешивать (составные части) ~ up (past & p. p. часто wrought) собирать сведения( по какому-л. вопросу) ~ up (past & p. p. часто wrought) возбуждать, вызывать;
to work up an appetite нагулять себе аппетит;
to work up a rebellion подстрекать к бунту ~ up (past & p. p. часто wrought) добиваться, завоевывать;
to work up a reputation завоевать репутацию ~ up (past & p. p. часто wrought) возбуждать, вызывать;
to work up an appetite нагулять себе аппетит;
to work up a rebellion подстрекать к бунту it won't ~ = этот номер не пройдет;
это не выйдет;
to work up to the curtain театр. играть под занавес ~ on = work upon ~ (upon smth.) влиять (на что-л.) ;
to work upon (smb.'s) conscience подействовать на (чью-л.) совесть

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > work
11 use

vt [ju:z]

1) (make use of, utilize)

to \use sth etw benutzen; building, one's skills, training, talent etw nutzen; method etw anwenden;

this glass has been \used dieses Glas ist schon benutzt;

I could \use some help ich könnte etwas Hilfe gebrauchen;

I could \use a drink now ich könnte jetzt einen Drink vertragen ( fam)

this table could \use a wipe diesen Tisch könnte man auch mal wieder abwischen;

these lights are \used for illuminating the playing area mit diesen Lichtern wird die Spielfläche beleuchtet;

what perfume do you \use? welches Parfüm nimmst du?;

what shampoo do you \use? welches Shampoo benutzt du?;

I've got to \use the toilet ich muss auf die Toilette;

to \use alcohol Alkohol trinken;

to \use one's brains seinen Verstand benutzen;

to \use a chance eine Gelegenheit nutzen;

to \use a dictionary ein Wörterbuch verwenden;

to \use drugs Drogen nehmen;

to \use military force against sb Militärgewalt gegen jdn einsetzen;

to \use an idea eine Idee verwenden;

to \use logic logisch denken;

to \use one's money to do sth sein Geld dazu verwenden, etw zu tun;

to \use sb's name jds Name m verwenden;

( as reference) sich akk auf jdn berufen;

she \uses the name Mary Pons sie nennt sich Mary Pons;

to \use poison gas/ truncheons/ chemical warfare Giftgas/Schlagstöcke/chemische Waffen einsetzen;

to \use a pseudonym ein Pseudonym benutzen;

to \use service eine Dienstleistung in Anspruch nehmen;

to \use swear words fluchen;

to \use one's time to do sth seine Zeit dazu nutzen, etw zu tun;

you should \use your free time more constructively du solltest deine freie Zeit sinnvoller nutzen!;

to \use violence Gewalt anwenden;

to \use sth to do sth etw benutzen [o verwenden], um etw zu tun;

\use scissors to cut the shapes out schneiden Sie die Formen mit einer Schere aus;

you can \use this brush to apply the paint du kannst die Farbe mit diesem Pinsel auftragen

2) ( employ)

to \use sth;

\use your head [or (Brit a.) loaf] jetzt schalt doch mal dein Hirn ein! (sl)

\use your imagination! lass doch mal deine Fantasie spielen!;

to \use common sense seinen gesunden Menschenverstand benutzen;

to \use discretion/ tact diskret/taktvoll sein

3) (get through, consume)

to \use sth etw verbrauchen;

we've \used nearly all the bread wir haben fast kein Brot mehr;

what do you \use for heating? womit heizen Sie?;

there's no more paper after this is \used wenn wir dieses Papier aufgebraucht haben, ist keines mehr da;

this radio \uses 1.5 volt batteries für dieses Radio braucht man 1,5 Volt Batterien;

to \use energy Energie verbrauchen;

4) (usu pej: manipulate, impose upon)

to \use sb jdn benutzen;

( exploit)

to \use sb/ sth jdn/etw ausnutzen

5) (form: treat in stated way)

to \use sb badly/ well jdn schlecht/gut behandeln;

he's \used her despicably er hat ihr übel mitgespielt n [ju:s]

1) (application, employment) Verwendung f ( for für +akk); of dictionary also Benutzung f; of labour Einsatz m; of leftovers Verwertung f; of talent, experience Nutzung m;

don't throw that away, you'll find a \use for it one day wirf das nicht weg - eines Tages wirst du es schon noch irgendwie verwenden können;

a food processor has a variety of \uses in the kitchen eine Küchenmaschine kann man auf ganz unterschiedliche Weise in der Küche einsetzen;

they've called for further restrictions on the \use of leaded petrol sie forderten weitere Einschränkungen für die Verwendung von verbleitem Benzin;

she lost the \use of her fingers in the accident seit dem Unfall kann sie ihre Finger nicht mehr benutzen;

the \use of alcohol/ drugs der Alkohol-/Drogenkonsum;

by the \use of deception durch Täuschung;

directions for \use Gebrauchsanweisung f;

for \use in an emergency für den Notfall;

for \use in case of fire bei Feuer;

the \use of force/ a particular method die Anwendung von Gewalt/einer bestimmten Methode;

the correct \use of language der korrekte Sprachgebrauch;

the \use of poison gas/ truncheons/ chemical warfare der Einsatz von Tränengas/Schlagstöcken/chemischen Waffen;

to be in daily \use täglich verwendet werden;

for external \use only nur zur äußerlichen Anwendung;

to be no longer in \use nicht mehr benutzt werden;

ready for \use gebrauchsfertig; machine einsatzbereit;

for private \use only nur für den Privatgebrauch;

to come into \use in Gebrauch kommen;

to find a \use for sth für etw akk Verwendung finden;

to go [or fall] out of \use nicht mehr benutzt werden;

to have no [further] \use for sth keine Verwendung [mehr] für etw akk haben;

do you have any \use for these old notes? kannst du diese alten Unterlagen irgendwie verwenden?;

to make \use of sth etw benutzen; experience, talent etw nutzen; leftovers etw verwenden; connections von etw dat Gebrauch machen;

can you make \use of that? kannst du das gebrauchen?;

to put sth to \use etw verwenden;

to be able to put sth to good \use etw gut verwenden können;

to be able to put one's experience to good \use seine Erfahrung gut einbringen können;

in/out of \use in/außer Gebrauch

2) ( consumption) Verwendung f;

building a dam would be a \use of financial resources which this country cannot afford für einen Dammbau, würde dieses Land Gelder verwenden müssen, es nicht aufbringen kann

3) ( usefulness) Nutzen m;

is this of any \use at all? nützt das vielleicht was? ( fam)

can I be of any \use? kann ich vielleicht irgendwie behilflich sein?;

what's the \use of shouting? was bringt es denn herumzuschreien?;

there's no \use complaining Herumjammern bringt auch nichts ( fam)

what \use is praying? wozu soll das Beten nutzen?;

it has its \uses das kann auch nützlich sein;

he's no \use as an editor als Redakteur ist er nicht zu gebrauchen;

what's the \use was soll's! ( fam) ( pej) ( fam);

that's a fat lot of \use da haben wir ja auch was von! ( iron) ( fam)

to be no \use keine Hilfe sein;

to be no/not much \use to sb jdm nichts/nicht viel nützen;

to be of \use to sb für jdn von Nutzen [o nützlich] sein;

is this of any \use to you? kannst du das vielleicht gebrauchen?;

it's no \use [doing sth] es hat keinen Zweck[, etw zu tun];

it's no \use - I just can't stand the man es hilft alles nichts - ich kann den Mann einfach nicht ausstehen!;

it's no \use trying to escape - no one has ever got away before wir brauchen erst gar nicht versuchen auszubrechen - das hat bisher noch keiner geschafft!

4) ( right)

to have the \use of sth bathroom, car etw benutzen dürfen;

to give sb [or let sb have] the \use of sth jdn etw benutzen lassen

5) ( custom) Brauch m

6) ( out of order)

to be out of [or (Am, Aus usu) not in] \use nicht funktionieren;

the escalator is out of \use der Aufzug ist außer Betrieb

7) rel Ritual nt

8) law (old) Nießbrauch m fachspr

English-German students dictionary > use
12 work

[wɜːk] 1. сущ.
1) работа; труд; занятие; дело

exhausting / tiring work — утомительный труд

shoddy / slipshod / sloppy work — недобросовестный труд, плохо выполненная работа, халтура

to be at work upon smth. — быть занятым чем-л.

to begin work — начать работу, приступить к работе

to set / get to work — приняться за дело

to set smb. to work — дать кому-л. работу, засадить кого-л. за работу

to quit / stop work — окончить, завершить работу

They quit work at one o'clock. — Они заканчивают работу в час дня.

They never do any work. — Они всегда бездельничают.

- backbreaking work
- hard work
- paper work
- physical work
- social work
- undercover work
Syn:

labour

2) место работы; занятие; должность

at work — на работе, за работой

in work — имеющий работу

out of work — без работы, безработный

to go to work — пойти на работу, начать работать

They are still at work. — Они всё ещё на работе.

What kind of work do you do? — Кем Вы работаете?

Many people travel to work by car. — Многие едут на работу на машине.

Syn:

job II 1.

3) действие, поступок

dirty work — грязный, низкий поступок

4)

а) результат труда, изделие, продукт

delicate / meticulous / precise work — тонкая, изящная работа

It can help to have an impartial third party look over your work. — Будет полезно, если бы Вашу работу осмотрел кто-нибудь незаинтересованный.

That's a beautiful piece of work. — Это прекрасная работа.

б) продукт, эффект, результат (от работы какого-л. механизма, структуры)

careful police work — высокопрофессиональная работа полиции

clever camera work — толковая операторская работа

в) произведение, работа, сочинение, (письменный) труд (научного, политического или художественного характера)

to exhibit / hang smb.'s works — выставлять чьи-л. полотна (в картинной галерее, в выставочном зале)

In my opinion, this is Rembrandt's greatest work. — Я думаю, это самое значительное произведение Рембрандта.

Under his arm, there was a book which looked like the complete works of Shakespeare. — Он нёс под мышкой том размером с полное собрание сочинений Шекспира.

- collected works
- published works
- selected works
5) ( works) преим. брит.; употр. с гл. в ед. предприятие, завод, фабрика

Syn:

plant II, factory

6)

а) воен. фортификационные сооружения, укрепления, оборонительные сооружения

б) ( works) инженерно-технические сооружения

7) ( works) механизм (работающие или движущиеся части какого-л. механизма)

works of a clock — часовой механизм

8) мастерство, умение, искусство выполнения, обработка

Syn:

workmanship, execution

9) вышивание, рукоделие, шитьё

Syn:

embroidery

10) брожение, ферментация

Syn:

fermentation

11) физ. работа

unit of work — единица работы

•

Gram:

[ref dict="LingvoGrammar (En-Ru)"]work[/ref]

••

to have one's work cut out (for one) — иметь трудную задачу, трудное дело

to make short work — быстро разобраться, расправиться с чем-л.
2. прил.
1) рабочий, используемый для работы

work elephant — рабочий слон

work surface — рабочая поверхность

2) используемый во время работы

work clothes — рабочая одежда; спецодежда

3) занятый работой

work gang — рабочая смена

work hours — рабочие часы
3. гл.; прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. worked, уст. wrought
1) работать, заниматься

to work hard / strenuously — работать усердно, усиленно

to work like a horse / dog / beaver / navvy / nigger / slave — работать как лошадь, как негр (на плантации)

to work one's tail off, to work double tides — работать не покладая рук, работать день и ночь

They were working on a new book. — Они работали над новой книгой.

Tasso had been working at his epic poem. — Тассо работал над своей эпической поэмой.

You have to work at being friendlier with people. — Тебе нужно учиться быть дружелюбнее в общении с людьми

2) работать, служить; быть занятым (каким-л.) постоянным делом

to work as a teacher — работать учителем

She works for a large firm. — Она работает в большой фирме.

to work closely with one's colleagues — работать бок о бок с коллегами

to work side by side with smb. — тесно сотрудничать с кем-л.

I worked to a man called Duncan. — Я работал на человека по имени Дункан.

They work for a farmer. — Они работают у фермера.

- work to rule

3)

а) заставлять работать

He worked them nearly to death. — Он заставлял их работать до полного изнеможения.

Richard said that he would work his fingers to the bone for Ada. — Ричард сказал, что ради Ады он будет работать не покладая рук.

б) эксплуатировать, использовать (чей-л. труд, функциональность какого-л. аппарата)

Syn:

exploit II

4) функционировать, действовать; быть эффективным

His plan didn't work. — Его план не сработал.

The pump will not work. — Насос не работает.

to work like a charm — оказывать магическое действие

Syn:

act, operate

5) приводить в действие (что-л.); управлять, осуществлять управление (чем-л.)

This computer is worked from a central server. — Управление этим компьютером осуществляется с центрального сервера.

the best way to work the elections — наилучший способ проводить выборы

to work the ship out of danger — увести судно от опасности

to work the team down street — вести команду вниз по улице

- work the oracle

- work one's ticket

Syn:

actuate, operate, manage

6) приводить, доводить (до какого-л. состояния); приводить себя в какое-л. состояние

She worked herself into a rage. — Она пришла в ярость.

It would take some time for the trade to work itself right. — Потребуется определённое время, чтобы торговля стала успешной.

7) быть в постоянном движении; быть в состоянии волнения; метаться, кипеть, бурлить

His face worked with emotion. — Его лицо подёргивалось от волнения.

While thoughts like these were working in the minds of many Dissenters. — В то время как подобные мысли метались в головах многих диссентеров.

Syn:

toss, seethe, rage

8)

а) воздействовать, влиять, убеждать, склонять (особенно тонкими, хитрыми способами); приводить в (какое-л.) настроение

I have been working him even now to abandon her. — Я продолжал даже теперь убеждать его оставить её.

Syn:

influence, prevail, induce, persuade

б) = work up волновать, возбуждать; провоцировать, подстрекать

Syn:

affect, agitate, stir, move, excite, incite

9) оказывать действие ( о лекарстве)

10) амер. обманывать, вымогать, добиваться (чего-л.) обманным путём

Syn:

practise on, hoax, cheat

11) прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. worked, wrought

а) обрабатывать, возделывать (землю, почву); культивировать, выращивать (какое-л. растение)

Syn:

till, cultivate

б) разрабатывать (жилу, карьер, каменоломню и т. п.)

в) взбивать, месить, мешать (тесто, масло и т. п.)

Syn:

knead, stir, press

г) выделывать, вытёсывать, выковывать, придавать определённую форму (камню, металлу или другому твёрдому веществу)

The wood is easily worked. — Дерево легко поддаётся обработке.

12) = work off, = work out оплачивать трудом, отрабатывать

to work one's passage — отработать свой проезд на пароходе

One of the greatest bores in packing is choosing which shoes to take. They are heavy and do not really work their passage. — Самое трудное при упаковке вещей - это выбор обуви. Обувь тяжёлая и не оправдывает затраченных на её транспортировку усилий.

13)

а) прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. worked, wrought осуществлять, выполнять, вызывать

to work havoc — производить опустошение

to work a discontinuance — вызывать остановку

The beer had wrought no bad effect upon his appetite. (Ch. Dickens) — Пиво не перебило ему аппетит.

the destruction wrought by the sea — разрушения, произведённые волнами

Syn:

effect, bring about, bring to pass

б) разг. организовывать, устраивать

If you can possibly work it meet me somewhere tomorrow. — Если тебе удастся это устроить, то давай где-нибудь завтра встретимся.

Uncle Fred, did you work this? — Дядя Фред, это ты устроил?

He can work it so that you can take your vacation. — Он может устроить всё так, что ты сможешь взять отпуск.

Syn:

arrange, engineer

14) шить, вышивать, вязать, заниматься рукоделием

working her name on the blankets — вышивая её имя на одеялах

Syn:

embroider, weave

15) уст.; прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. worked, wrought

а) делать (нечто плохое, губительное); совершать (грех, преступление и т. п.)

б) соблюдать, осуществлять (обряды, ритуалы и т. п.)

the 26th degree known as Prince of Mercy (not worked in England) — 26-ая ступень, известная как Принц Милосердия (не соблюдаемая в Англии)

16) прош. вр., прич. прош. вр. worked, wrought делать, выполнять, совершать (деяние, ряд действий, работу, задачу и т. п.)

to work a miracle — совершать чудо

to work wonders — делать, демонстрировать чудеса

The special work which he undertook, and the rich ability with which he wrought it. — Особая работа, за которую он взялся и с которой он замечательно справился.

17)

а) бродить ( о напитках)

б) вызывать брожение

•

Syn:

ferment

18)

а) производить, изготовлять

a goblet exquisitely wrought — изящно выделанный бокал

The flint instruments of oval shape have been mostly worked by gentle blows. — Кремневые инструменты овальной формы в основном обрабатывались лёгкими ударами.

б) уст. создавать ( о Боге)

в) уст. строить (дома, церкви, мосты и т. п.)

forty-six noble columns, some wrought in granite and some in marble — сорок шесть величественных колонн, часть из них построена из гранита, часть - из мрамора

19) разг. передвигаться, перемещаться, выполняя обязанности, работу, какие-л. действия (о разносчиках, агентах, нищих, ворах и т. п.)

a professional beggar who "works" seventy or eighty streets in a few hours — профессиональный нищий, который "отрабатывает" семьдесят или восемьдесят улиц за несколько часов

The night being comparatively young, Billy decided to work the trams. — Так как ночь только начиналась, Билли решил заняться трамваями.

He had been a fur thief working the big department stores. — Он был вором по мехам и работал в больших универмагах.

20) исследовать, систематически изучать

There are very many forms and when worked they will doubtless yield interesting results. — Существует много форм, и если их систематически изучать, то они раскроют много интересного.

21) двигать, передвигать

In vain I shifted my aching legs and worked my benumbed hands. — Напрасно я двигал ногами, которые очень болели, и разминал окоченевшие руки.

A neighbouring battery of guns were being worked into position. — Соседняя артиллерийская батарея выдвигалась на позицию.

22) идти, складываться

Our family life does not work any more. — Наша семейная жизнь разладилась.

It won't work. — Этот номер не пройдёт.

23) пробираться, продвигаться; перемещаться

The women worked themselves into the centre of the crowd. — Женщины протиснулись в центр толпы.

Mrs. Trafford worked her way round to Major Lovelace. — Миссис Трэффорд прокладывала себе путь к майору Лавлейсу.

He gradually wrought his way against the usual obstacles which a poor artist must always encounter. — Постепенно он преодолевал препятствия, которые всегда возникают на пути бедного артиста.

The dog worked round and round him, as if undecided at what particular point to go in for the assault. — Собака медленно кружила вокруг него, как будто в нерешительности, в какое конкретно место вцепиться.

A new conversation starts up every hour, and debateable points acquire a fresh interest because there is never time to work to a conclusion. — Каждый час возникает новый разговор, и дискуссионные темы вызывают новый интерес, так как никогда не хватает времени дойти до какого-либо решения.

to work through difficult material — продираться сквозь трудный материал

the dye works its way in — краска впитывается

24) производить, делать с помощью длительного применения какой-л. силы

He works holes in the seat of his trousers. — Он протирает себе дырки на штанах.

25)

а) вставлять, всовывать; включать

She worked a few jokes into her speech. — Она вставила несколько шуток в свою речь.

Syn:

put in, insert, incorporate

б) прививать ( к стволу)

26) = work out вычислять, решать (пример и т. п.)

The sum comes to the same figures, worked either way. — Сумма оказывается одной и той же, как бы её ни вычисляли.

•

- work in
- work off
- work out
- work over
- work up
••

to work one's will — делать по-своему

to work one's will upon smb. — заставлять кого-л. делать по-своему

to work against time — стараться кончить к определённому сроку

to work up to the curtain театр. — играть под занавес

Англо-русский современный словарь > work
13 develop

1. v развивать, совершенствовать

to develop a melody — развивать тему

develop a plan — развивать план

develop thrust — развивать тягу

develop power — развивать мощность

develop supplies — развивать поставки

to develop the theme — развивать тему

2. v развиваться, расти; расширяться; превращаться

his character is still developing — его характер ещё не сложился окончательно

develop lines — развивать коммуникации

develop a beachhead — расширять плацдарм

to develop an attack — развивать наступление

develop co-operation — развивать сотрудничество

3. v развиваться, проходить, протекать

the fever develops normally — лихорадка протекает нормально

to develop a 20,000 kilo thrust at take-off — развивать тягу в 20 000 кг при взлёте

4. v начинаться

a developing snowstorm — начинающийся буран

5. v показывать, обнаруживать

to develop a passion for art — проникнуться страстной любовью к искусству

he developed symptoms of fever — у него обнаружились симптомы лихорадки

6. v проявляться, оказываться, обнаруживаться

a new feature of the case developed today — сегодня дело приняло другой оборот

develop a film — проявлять пленку

to develop a film — проявлять фотоплёнку

7. v излагать; раскрывать

to develop an argument — развивать аргумент

8. v разрабатывать

to develop mineral resources — разрабатывать полезные ископаемые

develop specifications — разрабатывать технические условия

9. v горн. развить

to develop a sensitivity to art — развить восприятие искусства

10. v горн. вскрыть

11. v создавать, вырабатывать, получать

to develop heat — получать тепловую энергию

develop a base — создавать базу

develop a shortage — создавать нехватку

develop fuel — создавать нехватку горючего

12. v создавать, разрабатывать

to develop a system — разработать систему

develop a procedure — разрабатывать определенный порядок работы

13. v спец. развивать, достигать; иметь

the motor develops 100 horsepower — мощность двигателя составляет 100 лошадиных сил

develop and maintain physical fitness — развивать и поддерживать физическую подготовленность

14. v спорт. разучивать

to develop new routines — разучить новые элементы

15. v амер. арх. выявлять, выяснять, раскрывать

the inquiry has developed some new facts — расследование вскрыло несколько новых фактов

develop condition — выяснять обстановку

develop the situation — выяснять обстановку

16. v фото

17. v проявлять

18. v выводить; развивать

to develop a rook — вывести ладью

19. v воен. расчленять, развёртывать

20. v мат. разлагать, раскрывать

21. v мат. развёртывать

Синонимический ряд:

1. breed (verb) breed; cultivate; generate; produce

2. elaborate (verb) elaborate; explicate; fill out

3. get (verb) catch; contract; get; incur; sicken; take

4. grow (verb) acquire; advance; age; form; grow; grow up; learn; maturate; mature; mellow; ripen

5. happen (verb) befall; betide; break; chance; come; come about; come off; do; ensue; fall out; follow; give; go; hap; happen; occur; pass; result; rise; transpire

6. improve (verb) amplify; dilate; enlarge; evolve; expand; exploit; extend; improve; labour; magnify; promote; spread; stretch

7. increase (verb) accrue; build up; gain; increase

8. tell (verb) disclose; exhibit; explain; tell; uncover; unfold; unravel; unroll; unwind

Антонимический ряд:

compress; conceal; condense; confine; contract; cure; envelop; hide; involve; lessen; mystify; narrow; obscure; reduce; restrict; wither

English-Russian base dictionary > develop
14 put

put [pʊt]

mettre ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c)-(f), 1 (i) dire ⇒ 1 (g) soumettre ⇒ 1 (h) placer ⇒ 1 (i), 1 (l) investir ⇒ 1 (k), 1 (l) miser ⇒ 1 (m)

(pt & pp put, cont putting)

1 transitive verb

(a) (into specified place or position) mettre;

∎ put the saucepan on the shelf mets la casserole sur l'étagère;

∎ she put her hand on my shoulder elle a mis sa main sur mon épaule;

∎ put the chairs nearer the table approche les chaises de la table;

∎ he put his arm around my shoulders il passa son bras autour de mes épaules;

∎ she put her arms around him elle l'a pris dans ses bras;

∎ to put one's head round the door/through the window passer la tête par la porte/par la fenêtre;

∎ did you put any salt in? as-tu mis du sel (dedans)?;

∎ put some more water on to boil remettez de l'eau à chauffer;

∎ he put another brick on the pile il a mis une autre brique sur la pile;

∎ to put a coin/a letter/a gun into sb's hand glisser ou mettre une pièce/une lettre/un revolver dans la main de qn;

∎ she put a match to the wood elle a allumé le bois;

∎ to put an advert in the paper mettre une annonce dans le journal;

∎ they want to put me in an old folks' home ils veulent me mettre dans une maison pour les vieux;

∎ to put a child to bed mettre un enfant au lit, coucher un enfant;

∎ to put a man on the moon envoyer un homme sur la lune;

∎ he put the telescope to his eye il a porté la longue-vue à son œil;

∎ to put honour before riches préférer l'honneur à l'argent;

∎ to put a play on the stage monter une pièce;

∎ to put a guard on the door faire surveiller la porte;

∎ figurative I didn't know where to put myself! je ne savais plus où me mettre!;

∎ put yourself in my position or place mettez-vous à ma place;

∎ to put oneself into sb's hands s'en remettre à qn;

∎ put it out of your mind or head sors-le-toi de la tête;

∎ I had long put this thought out of my mind ça faisait longtemps que je m'étais sorti cette idée de la tête;

∎ we put a lot of emphasis on creativity nous mettons beaucoup l'accent sur la créativité;

∎ don't put too much trust in what he says ne te fie pas trop à ce qu'il dit;

∎ familiar put it there! (shake hands) tope-là!, serrons-nous la pince!

(b) (push or send forcefully)

∎ he put his fist through the window il a passé son poing à travers le carreau;

∎ he put a bullet through his head il s'est mis une balle dans la tête;

∎ she put her pen through the whole paragraph elle a rayé tout le paragraphe d'un coup de stylo

(c) (impose → limit, responsibility, tax) mettre;

∎ to put a ban on sth interdire qch;

∎ it puts an extra burden on our department c'est un fardeau de plus pour notre service;

∎ the new tax will put 5p on a packet of cigarettes la nouvelle taxe augmentera de 5 pence le prix d'un paquet de cigarettes

(d) (into specified state) mettre;

∎ you're putting me in an awkward position vous me mettez dans une situation délicate;

∎ I hope I've not put you to too much trouble j'espère que je ne vous ai pas trop dérangé;

∎ music always puts him in a good mood la musique le met toujours de bonne humeur;

∎ the new rules will be put into effect next month le nouveau règlement entrera en vigueur le mois prochain;

∎ to put sb out of a job mettre qn au chômage;

∎ to put a prisoner on bread and water mettre un prisonnier au pain sec et à l'eau;

∎ the money will be put to good use l'argent sera bien employé;

∎ to put sb to sleep endormir qn;

∎ euphemism the dog had to be put to sleep il a fallu piquer le chien

(e) (write down) mettre, écrire;

∎ I forgot to put my address j'ai oublié de mettre mon adresse;

∎ what date shall I put? quelle date est-ce que je mets?

(f) (bring about)

∎ to put an end or a stop to sth mettre fin ou un terme à qch

(g) (say, express) dire, exprimer;

∎ I wouldn't put it quite like that je ne dirais pas cela;

∎ I don't know how to put it je ne sais comment dire;

∎ to put one's thoughts into words exprimer sa pensée, s'exprimer;

∎ let me put it this way laissez-moi l'exprimer ainsi;

∎ it was, how shall I put it, rather long c'était, comment dirais-je, un peu long;

∎ to put it another way,… en d'autres termes,…;

∎ he put it better than that il l'a dit ou formulé mieux que ça;

∎ you could have put that better tu aurais pu tourner cela un peu mieux;

∎ she put it politely but firmly elle l'a dit poliment mais clairement;

∎ as Churchill once put it comme l'a dit Churchill un jour;

∎ to put it briefly or simply, they refused bref ou en un mot, ils ont refusé;

∎ to put it bluntly pour parler franc;

∎ putting it in terms you'll understand… plus simplement, pour que vous compreniez…

(h) (present, submit → suggestion, question) soumettre; (→ motion) proposer, présenter;

∎ to put a proposal to the board présenter une proposition au conseil d'administration;

∎ he put his case very well il a très bien présenté son cas;

∎ I have a question to put to the Prime Minister j'ai une question à soumettre au Premier ministre;

∎ Law I put it to you that… n'est-il pas vrai que…?;

∎ I put it to the delegates that now is the time to act je tiens à dire aux délégués que c'est maintenant qu'il faut agir

(i) (class, rank) placer, mettre;

∎ I wouldn't put them in the same class as the Beatles je ne les mettrais ou placerais pas dans la même catégorie que les Beatles;

∎ I put my family above my job je fais passer ma famille avant mon travail

(j) (set to work)

∎ to put sb to work mettre qn au travail;

∎ they put her on the Jones case ils l'ont mise sur l'affaire Jones

(k) (devote → effort) investir, consacrer;

∎ to put a lot of time/energy into sth consacrer beaucoup de temps/d'énergie à qch, investir beaucoup de temps/d'énergie dans qch;

∎ she puts more into their relationship than he does elle s'investit plus que lui dans leur relation;

∎ to put a lot of work into sth/doing sth beaucoup travailler à qch/pour faire qch;

∎ Sport he put everything he had into his first service il a tout mis dans son premier service

(l) (invest → money) placer, investir;

∎ she had put all her savings into property elle avait investi ou placé toutes ses économies dans l'immobilier

(m) (bet) miser, parier;

∎ to put money on a horse miser ou parier sur un cheval;

∎ he put all his winnings on the red il misa tous ses gains sur le rouge

(n) Sport

∎ to put the shot lancer le poids

(o) Nautical

∎ to put a ship into port rentrer un bateau au port

2 intransitive verb

∎ Nautical to put to sea lever l'ancre, appareiller;

∎ they had to put back into harbour ils ont dû rentrer au port;

∎ we put into port at Bombay nous avons relâché ou fait relâche à Bombay

3 noun

(a) Sport lancer m (du poids);

∎ his third put son troisième lancer

(b) Stock Exchange option f de vente, put m;

∎ put and call stellage m, double option f

►► Stock Exchange put band période f de validité d'une option de vente;

Stock Exchange put bond emprunt m à fenêtre;

Stock Exchange put option option f de vente;

Stock Exchange put warrant warrant m à la vente

➲ put about

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (spread → gossip, story) faire courir; (→ rumour) faire circuler;

∎ to put it about that… faire circuler le bruit que…;

∎ it is being put about that he intends resigning le bruit court qu'il a l'intention de démissionner

(b) Nautical

∎ to put a boat about virer de bord

(c) familiar

∎ to put it or oneself about (be promiscuous) coucher à droite à gauche

2 intransitive verb

Nautical virer de bord

➲ put across separable transitive verb

(a) (communicate → gen) faire comprendre; (→ feeling) communiquer;

∎ to put sth across to sb faire comprendre qch à qn;

∎ I don't know how to put the argument across to them je ne sais pas comment leur faire comprendre cet argument;

∎ she knows how to put her ideas across elle sait bien faire passer ses idées;

∎ she's good at putting herself across elle sait se mettre en valeur

(b) British familiar

∎ to put one across on sb avoir qn, rouler qn;

∎ don't try putting anything across on me! ne me prends pas pour un imbécile!

➲ put around separable transitive verb

= put about separable transitive verb (a)

➲ put aside separable transitive verb

(a) (book, piece of work) mettre de côté, poser

(b) (disregard, ignore) écarter, laisser de côté;

∎ let's put aside our differences of opinion for the moment laissons nos différends de côté pour le moment;

∎ put aside all gloomy thoughts oublie toutes ces pensées maussades

(c) (save, keep) mettre de côté;

∎ we have a little money put aside nous avons un peu d'argent de côté

➲ put at separable transitive verb

(estimate) estimer;

∎ they put the cost of repairs to the bridge at around $10,000 ils estiment le montant des réparations du pont à environ 10 000 dollars;

∎ I wouldn't have put her (age) at more than twenty-five je ne lui aurais pas donné plus de vingt-cinq ans;

∎ what would you put it at? quelle est votre estimation?

➲ put away separable transitive verb

(a) (tidy) ranger; (return to its place) remettre à sa place; (car) garer;

∎ put your toys away! range tes jouets!;

∎ put your money/wallet away (I'm paying) range ton argent/ton portefeuille

(b) (save) mettre de côté;

∎ I have a few pounds put away j'ai un peu d'argent de côté, j'ai quelques économies;

∎ to put something away for one's old age mettre quelque chose de côté pour sa retraite

(c) familiar (lock up → in prison) coffrer; (→ in mental home) enfermer^□

(d) familiar (eat) enfourner, s'envoyer; (drink) descendre, écluser;

∎ he can really put it away! (food) il a un sacré appétit!; (drink) qu'est-ce qu'il descend!

➲ put back

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (replace, return) remettre;

∎ put that record back where you found it! remets ce disque où tu l'as trouvé!

(b) (postpone) remettre;

∎ the meeting has been put back to Thursday la réunion a été repoussée ou remise à jeudi

(c) (slow down, delay) retarder;

∎ the strike has put our schedule back at least a month la grève nous a fait perdre au moins un mois sur notre planning

(d) (turn back → clock) retarder;

∎ we put the clocks back next weekend le week-end prochain, on passe à l'heure d'hiver;

∎ figurative this decision has put the clock back cette décision nous a ramenés en arrière

(e) familiar (drink) descendre, écluser

2 intransitive verb

∎ Nautical to put back (to port) rentrer au port

➲ put by separable transitive verb

(save → money) mettre de côté; (→ supplies) mettre en réserve;

∎ have you got anything put by? avez-vous un peu d'argent de côté?

➲ put down

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (on table, floor etc) poser;

∎ put that knife down at once! pose ce couteau tout de suite!;

∎ put me down! lâche-moi!;

∎ put that down! laisse (ça)!;

∎ to put the phone down raccrocher;

∎ he put the phone down on me il m'a raccroché au nez;

∎ it's one of those books you just can't put down c'est un de ces livres que tu ne peux pas poser avant de l'avoir fini;

∎ I couldn't put it down (book) je l'ai lu d'un trait

(b) (drop off → passenger) déposer, laisser

(c) (write down) écrire, inscrire; (enrol, enter on list) inscrire;

∎ put down your name and address écrivez votre nom et votre adresse;

∎ she put us down as Mr and Mrs Smith elle nous a inscrits sous le nom de M. et Mme Smith;

∎ it's never been put down in writing ça n'a jamais été mis par écrit;

∎ I can put it down as expenses je peux le faire passer dans mes notes de frais

(d) (on agenda) inscrire à l'ordre du jour;

∎ to put down a motion of no confidence déposer une motion de censure

(e) (quell) réprimer, étouffer;

∎ the revolt was put down by armed police la révolte a été réprimée par les forces de police

(f) (belittle) rabaisser, critiquer;

∎ he's always putting students down il passe son temps à critiquer les étudiants;

∎ you shouldn't put yourself down tu ne devrais pas te sous-estimer

(g) British euphemism (kill)

∎ to have a cat/dog put down faire piquer un chat/chien

(h) (pay as deposit) verser;

∎ I've already put £50 down on the sofa j'ai déjà versé 50 livres pour le canapé

(i) (store → wine) mettre en cave

(j) (put to bed → baby) coucher

(k) (land → plane) poser

(l) (close → umbrella) fermer

2 intransitive verb

(land → plane, pilot) atterrir, se poser

➲ put down as separable transitive verb

classer parmi;

∎ I think they'd put me down as a mere amateur je crois qu'ils me classeraient parmi les simples amateurs

➲ put down for separable transitive verb

inscrire pour;

∎ put me down for £20 inscrivez-moi pour 20 livres;

∎ I'll put you down for Thursday at three o'clock je vous mets jeudi à trois heures;

∎ they've already put their son down for public school ils ont déjà inscrit leur fils dans une école privée

➲ put down to separable transitive verb

mettre sur le compte de;

∎ you can't put all the country's problems down to inflation vous ne pouvez pas mettre tous les problèmes du pays sur le compte de l'inflation;

∎ I put it down to her stubbornness je mets ça sur le compte de son entêtement;

∎ we'll have to put it down to experience au moins on a appris quelque chose

➲ put forth inseparable transitive verb

(a) literary (sprout → shoots, leaves) produire

(b) formal (state → argument, reason) avancer

➲ put forward separable transitive verb

(a) (suggest → proposal, idea, hypothesis) avancer; (→ candidate) proposer;

∎ she put her name forward for the post of treasurer elle a posé sa candidature au poste de trésorière;

∎ to put one's best foot forward (walk faster) presser le pas; figurative se mettre en devoir de faire de son mieux

(b) (turn forward → clock, hands of clock) avancer;

∎ we put the clocks forward next weekend le week-end prochain, on passe à l'heure d'été

(c) (bring forward) avancer;

∎ the meeting has been put forward to early next week la réunion a été avancée au début de la semaine prochaine

➲ put in

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (place inside bag, container, cupboard etc) mettre dans;

∎ he put the eggs in the fridge il a mis les œufs dans le réfrigérateur;

∎ to put one's contact lenses in mettre ses lentilles de contact;

∎ to put one's head in at the window passer la tête par la fenêtre;

∎ Sport (in rugby) to put the ball in remettre la balle en jeu

(b) (insert, include) insérer, inclure;

∎ have you put in the episode about the rabbit? as-tu inclus l'épisode du lapin?

(c) (interject) placer;

∎ her name was Alicia, the woman put in elle s'appelait Alicia, ajouta la femme

(d) (install) installer;

∎ we're having central heating put in nous faisons installer le chauffage central;

∎ the voters put the Tories in les électeurs ont mis les conservateurs au pouvoir;

∎ they've put in a new manager at the factory ils ont nommé un nouveau directeur à l'usine

(e) (devote → time) passer;

∎ I've put in a lot of work on that car j'ai beaucoup travaillé sur cette voiture;

∎ I put in a few hours' revision before supper j'ai passé quelques heures à réviser avant le dîner;

∎ to put in an hour's work faire une heure de travail;

∎ to put in a full day at the office passer toute la journée au bureau;

∎ you only get out what you put in on ne récolte que ce qu'on sème

(f) (submit → request, demand) déposer, soumettre;

∎ they put in a claim for a 10 percent pay rise ils ont déposé une demande d'augmentation de salaire de 10 pour cent;

∎ to put in an application for a job déposer sa candidature pour ou se présenter pour un emploi

2 intransitive verb

Nautical relâcher, faire relâche;

∎ we put in at Wellington nous avons relâché ou fait relâche à Wellington

➲ put in for

1 separable transitive verb

présenter;

∎ we're putting him in for the 500 metres nous le présentons pour le 500 mètres;

∎ to put pupils in for an examination présenter des élèves à un examen

2 inseparable transitive verb

∎ to put in for sth (post) poser sa candidature pour qch; (leave, promotion) faire une demande de qch, demander qch;

∎ she put in for a transfer to Florida elle a demandé à être mutée en Floride

➲ put off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (drop off → passenger) déposer, laisser;

∎ just put me off at the corner vous n'avez qu'à me laisser ou me déposer au coin

(b) (postpone → meeting, appointment) remettre à plus tard, repousser; (→ decision, payment) remettre à plus tard, différer; (→ work) remettre à plus tard; (→ guests) décommander;

∎ the meeting has been put off until tomorrow la réunion a été renvoyée ou remise à demain;

∎ I kept putting off telling him the truth je continuais à repousser le moment de lui dire la vérité;

∎ I can't put him off again je ne peux pas encore annuler un rendez-vous avec lui

(c) (dissuade)

∎ once he's made up his mind nothing in the world can put him off une fois qu'il a pris une décision, rien au monde ne peut le faire changer d'avis

(d) (distract) déranger, empêcher de se concentrer;

∎ he deliberately tries to put his opponent off il fait tout pour empêcher son adversaire de se concentrer;

∎ the noise put her off her service le bruit l'a gênée ou dérangée pendant son service

(e) (repel) dégoûter, rebuter;

∎ it's the smell that puts me off c'est l'odeur qui me rebute;

∎ don't be put off by his odd sense of humour ne te laisse pas rebuter par son humour un peu particulier;

∎ it put me off skiing for good ça m'a définitivement dégoûté du ski;

∎ it put me off my dinner ça m'a coupé l'appétit

(f) (switch off → television, radio etc) éteindre

2 intransitive verb

Nautical déborder du quai, pousser au large;

∎ to put off from the shore quitter la côte, prendre le large

➲ put on separable transitive verb

(a) (clothes, make-up, ointment) mettre;

∎ put your hat on mets ton chapeau;

∎ to put on one's make-up se maquiller

(b) (present, stage → play, opera) monter; (→ poetry reading, slide show etc) organiser;

∎ why can't they put something decent on for a change? (on TV, radio) ils ne pourraient pas passer quelque chose d'intéressant pour une fois?

(c) (lay on, provide → train) mettre en service;

∎ they put on excellent meals on Sundays ils servent d'excellents repas le dimanche;

∎ they have put on twenty extra trains ils ont ajouté vingt trains

(d) (gain → speed, weight) prendre;

∎ I've put on a few pounds j'ai pris quelques kilos

(e) (turn on, cause to function → light, radio, gas) allumer; (→ record, tape) mettre; (→ handbrake) mettre, serrer;

∎ put the heater on mets ou allume le chauffage;

∎ he put on some Vivaldi/the news il a mis du Vivaldi/les informations;

∎ I've put the kettle on for tea j'ai mis de l'eau à chauffer pour le thé;

∎ to put on the brakes freiner

(f) (start cooking) mettre (à cuire);

∎ I forgot to put the peas on j'ai oublié de mettre les petits pois à cuire

(g) (bet) parier;

∎ I put £10 on the favourite j'ai parié 10 livres sur le favori

(h) (assume) prendre;

∎ to put on airs prendre des airs;

∎ he put on a silly voice il a pris une voix ridicule;

∎ to put on an act jouer la comédie;

∎ familiar don't worry, he's just putting it on ne t'inquiète pas, il fait du cinéma ou du chiqué

(i) familiar (tease) faire marcher;

∎ you're putting me on! là, tu me fais marcher!

(j) (apply → pressure) exercer

(k) (add) ajouter;

∎ the tax increase will put another 10p on a gallon of petrol l'augmentation de la taxe va faire monter le prix du gallon d'essence de 10 pence

(l) (impose) imposer;

∎ new restrictions have been put on bringing animals into the country de nouvelles restrictions ont été imposées à l'importation d'animaux dans le pays

(m) (attribute)

∎ it's hard to put a price on it c'est difficile d'en évaluer ou estimer le prix

(n) (advance → clock) avancer

(o) (on telephone)

∎ could you put him on, please? pouvez-vous me le passer, s'il vous plaît?

➲ put onto separable transitive verb

(help find) indiquer à;

∎ I'll put you onto a good solicitor je vous donnerai le nom d'un ou je vous indiquerai un bon avocat;

∎ she's put me onto quite a few bargains elle m'a indiqué plusieurs bonnes affaires;

∎ to put the police/taxman onto sb dénoncer qn à la police/au fisc;

∎ what put you onto the butler, detective inspector? qu'est-ce qui vous a amené à soupçonner le maître d'hôtel, commissaire?

➲ put out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (place outside) mettre dehors, sortir;

∎ have you put the dustbin out? as-tu sorti la poubelle?;

∎ I'll put the washing out (to dry) je vais mettre le linge (dehors) à sécher;

∎ to put a cow out to grass mettre une vache en pâture

(b) (remove)

∎ to put sb's eye out éborgner qn;

∎ you almost put my eye out! tu as failli m'éborgner!

(c) (issue → apology, announcement) publier; (→ story, rumour) faire circuler; (→ new record, edition, model etc) sortir; (→ appeal, request) faire; (broadcast) émettre;

∎ police have put out a description of the wanted man la police a publié une description de l'homme qu'elle recherche;

∎ to put out an SOS lancer un SOS

(d) (extinguish → fire, light, candle) éteindre; (→ cigarette) éteindre, écraser; (→ gas) fermer;

∎ don't forget to put the light out when you leave n'oubliez pas d'éteindre (la lumière) en partant

(e) (lay out, arrange) sortir;

∎ the valet had put out a suit for me le valet de chambre m'avait sorti un costume

(f) (stick out, stretch out → arm, leg) étendre, allonger; (→ hand) tendre; (→ tongue) tirer;

∎ she walked up to me and put out her hand elle s'approcha de moi et me tendit la main;

∎ she put out a foot to trip him up elle a mis un pied en avant pour le faire trébucher

(g) (dislocate)

∎ to put one's back/shoulder out se démettre le dos/l'épaule;

∎ I've put my back out je me suis déplacé une vertèbre

(h) (annoy, upset)

∎ to be put out about sth être fâché à cause de qch;

∎ he seems quite put out about it on dirait que ça l'a vraiment contrarié

(i) (inconvenience) déranger;

∎ I hope I haven't put you out j'espère que je ne vous ai pas dérangé;

∎ she's always ready to put herself out for other people elle est toujours prête à rendre service

(j) (sprout → shoots, leaves) produire

(k) (make unconscious → with drug, injection) endormir

(l) (subcontract) sous-traiter;

∎ we put most of our work out nous confions la plus grande partie de notre travail à des sous-traitants

(m) Horticulture (plant out) repiquer

2 intransitive verb

(a) Nautical prendre le large;

∎ to put out to sea faire appareiller

(b) American familiar (woman) accepter de coucher ( for avec);

∎ everyone knows she puts out tout le monde sait qu'elle est prête à coucher;

∎ did she put out? est-ce qu'elle a bien voulu coucher?;

∎ she'd put out for anybody elle coucherait avec le premier venu

➲ put over = put across

➲ put round separable transitive verb

(spread → gossip, story) faire courir

➲ put through separable transitive verb

(a) Telecommunications (connect) passer la communication à;

∎ hold on, I'll try to put you through ne quittez pas, je vais essayer de vous le/la passer;

∎ put the call through to my office passez-moi la communication dans mon bureau;

∎ I'll put you through to Mrs Powell je vous passe Mme Powell

(b) (carry through, conclude) conclure;

∎ we finally put through the necessary reforms nous avons fini par faire passer les réformes nécessaires

(c) (subject to) soumettre à;

∎ he was put through a whole battery of tests on l'a soumis à toute une série d'examens;

∎ I'm sorry to put you through this je suis désolé de vous imposer ça;

∎ have you any idea what you're putting him through? as-tu la moindre idée de ce que tu lui fais subir?;

∎ familiar to put sb through it en faire voir de toutes les couleurs à qn; (at interview) faire passer un mauvais quart d'heure à qn;

∎ he really put me through it il m'en a vraiment fait voir (de toutes les couleurs)

(d) (pay for)

∎ he put himself through college il a payé ses études

➲ put together separable transitive verb

(a) (place side by side → two objects) mettre côte à côte; (→ facts) rapprocher, comparer;

∎ he's more trouble than the rest of them put together il nous crée plus de problèmes à lui seul que tous les autres réunis

(b) (kit, furniture, engine) monter, assembler; (meal) préparer, confectionner; (menu) élaborer; (dossier) réunir; (proposal, report) préparer; (story, facts) reconstituer; (show, campaign) organiser, monter;

∎ to put sth (back) together again remonter qch;

∎ we're trying to put together enough evidence to convict him nous essayons de réunir assez de preuves pour le faire condamner;

∎ to put together a convincing picture of what happened reconstituer une idée convaincante de ce qui s'est passé;

∎ the programme is nicely put together ce programme est bien fait;

∎ I'll just put a few things together (in my bag) je vais faire rapidement ma valise

➲ put under separable transitive verb

(with drug, injection) endormir

➲ put up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (raise → hand) lever; (→ flag) hisser; (→ hood) relever; (→ umbrella) ouvrir; (→ one's hair, coat collar) relever;

∎ could all those going put up their hands? que tous ceux qui y vont lèvent la main;

∎ put your hands up! haut les mains!;

∎ familiar put 'em up! (in surrender) haut les mains!; (to fight) défends-toi!;

∎ I'm going to put my feet up for a few minutes je vais me reposer un peu

(b) (erect → tent) dresser, monter; (→ house, factory) construire; (→ monument, statue) ériger; (→ scaffolding) installer, monter; (→ ladder) dresser;

∎ they put up a statue to her ils érigèrent une statue en son honneur

(c) (install, put in place) mettre; (curtains) poser, accrocher; (wallpaper) poser;

∎ they've already put up the Christmas decorations ils ont déjà installé les décorations de Noël;

∎ the shopkeeper put up the shutters le commerçant a baissé le rideau de fer

(d) (send up → rocket, satellite) lancer

(e) (display → sign) mettre; (→ poster) afficher;

∎ the results will be put up tomorrow les résultats seront affichés demain

(f) (show → resistance) offrir, opposer;

∎ to put up a good show bien se défendre;

∎ to put up a struggle se défendre, se débattre

(g) (present → argument, proposal) présenter;

∎ he puts up a good case for abstention il a des arguments convaincants en faveur de l'abstention

(h) (offer for sale)

∎ to put sth up for sale/auction mettre qch en vente/aux enchères

(i) (put forward → candidate) présenter; (→ person, name) proposer (comme candidat);

∎ we are not putting up any candidates nous ne présentons aucun candidat

(j) familiar (provide → capital) fournir;

∎ who's putting the money up for the new business? qui finance la nouvelle entreprise?;

∎ we put up our own money nous sommes auto-financés

(k) (increase) faire monter, augmenter;

∎ this will put up the price of meat ça va faire augmenter ou monter le prix de la viande

(l) (give hospitality to) loger, héberger;

∎ to put sb up for the night coucher qn

(m) (urge, incite)

∎ to put sb up to (doing) sth pousser qn à (faire) qch

(n) archaic (put away → sword, pistol) rengainer

2 intransitive verb

(a) British

∎ to put up at a hotel descendre dans un hôtel;

∎ where are you putting up? où est-ce que tu loges?; (in hotel) où es-tu descendu?;

∎ I'm putting up at Gary's for the moment je loge chez Gary pour le moment

(b) (stand → in election) se présenter, se porter candidat;

∎ she put up as a Labour candidate elle s'est présentée comme candidate du parti travailliste

(c) familiar

∎ put up or shut up! assez parlé, agissez!

➲ put upon inseparable transitive verb

(usu passive) to put upon sb (abuse) abuser de qn; (exploit) exploiter qn;

∎ you shouldn't let yourself be put upon like that! tu ne devrais pas te laisser marcher sur les pieds comme ça!

➲ put up with inseparable transitive verb

supporter, tolérer;

∎ I refuse to put up with this noise any longer! je ne supporterai pas ce bruit une minute de plus!;

∎ we'll have to put up with it il faut l'accepter ou nous y résigner

✾ Book 'Put Out More Flags' Waugh 'Hissez le grand pavois'

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > put
15 work

work [wɜ:k]

travail ⇒ 1 (a)-(e), 1 (g) œuvre ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (f) besogne ⇒ 1 (b) emploi ⇒ 1 (c) ouvrage ⇒ 1 (f) recherches ⇒ 1 (g) travailler ⇒ 2A (a)-(e), 3A (b), 3A (c), 3A (e), 3C (a) fonctionner ⇒ 2B (a) marcher ⇒ 2B (a), 2B (b) réussir ⇒ 2B (b) agir ⇒ 2B (c), 2B (d) faire travailler ⇒ 3A (a) faire marcher ⇒ 3B (a) façonner ⇒ 3C (a) mécanisme ⇒ 4 1 (a) travaux ⇒ 4 1 (b) usine ⇒ 4 2 (a)

1 noun

(a) (effort, activity) travail m, œuvre f;

∎ computers take some of the work out of filing les ordinateurs facilitent le classement;

∎ this report needs more work il y a encore du travail à faire sur ce rapport, ce rapport demande plus de travail;

∎ she's done a lot of work for charity elle a beaucoup travaillé pour des associations caritatives;

∎ it will take a lot of work to make a team out of them ça va être un drôle de travail de faire d'eux une équipe;

∎ keep up the good work! continuez comme ça!;

∎ nice or good work! c'est du bon travail!, bravo!;

∎ that's fine work or a fine piece of work c'est du beau travail;

∎ your work has been useful vous avez fait du travail utile;

∎ work on the tunnel is to start in March (existing tunnel) les travaux sur le tunnel doivent commencer en mars; (new tunnel) la construction du tunnel doit commencer en mars;

∎ work in progress Administration travail en cours; Accountancy travaux mpl en cours, inventaire m de production; (sign) travaux en cours;

∎ she put a lot of work into that book elle a beaucoup travaillé sur ce livre;

∎ to make work for sb compliquer la vie à qn;

∎ to start work, to set to work se mettre au travail;

∎ she set or she went to work on the contract elle a commencé à travailler sur le contrat;

∎ he set to work undermining their confidence il a entrepris de saper leur confiance;

∎ I set him to work (on) painting the kitchen je lui ai donné la cuisine à peindre;

∎ they put him to work in the kitchen ils l'ont mis au travail dans la cuisine;

∎ let's get (down) to work! (mettons-nous) au travail!;

∎ proverb all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy beaucoup de travail et peu de loisirs ne réussissent à personne

(b) (duty, task) travail m, besogne f;

∎ I've got loads of work to do j'ai énormément de travail à faire;

∎ she gave us too much work elle nous a donné trop de travail;

∎ he's trying to get some work done il essaie de travailler un peu;

∎ they do their work well ils travaillent bien, ils font du bon travail;

∎ it's hard work c'est du travail, ce n'est pas facile;

∎ it's thirsty work ça donne soif;

∎ to make short or light work of sth expédier qch;

∎ figurative to make short work of sb ne faire qu'une bouchée de qn;

∎ familiar it's nice work if you can get it! c'est une bonne planque, encore faut-il la trouver!

(c) (paid employment) travail m, emploi m;

∎ what (kind of) work do you do? qu'est-ce que vous faites dans la vie?, quel travail faites-vous?;

∎ I do translation work je suis traducteur, je fais des traductions;

∎ to find work trouver du travail;

∎ to look for work chercher du travail ou un emploi;

∎ to be in work travailler, avoir un emploi;

∎ to be out of work être au chômage ou sans travail ou sans emploi;

∎ he had a week off work (holiday) il a pris une semaine de vacances; (illness) il n'est pas allé au travail pendant une semaine;

∎ to take time off work prendre des congés;

∎ she's off work today elle ne travaille pas aujourd'hui;

∎ to do a full day's work faire une journée entière de travail;

∎ people out of work (gen) les chômeurs mpl; Administration & Economics les inactifs mpl

(d) (place of employment) travail m; Administration lieu m de travail;

∎ I go to work by bus je vais au travail en bus;

∎ I'm late for work je suis en retard pour le travail;

∎ he's a friend from work c'est un collègue;

∎ where is your (place of) work? où travaillez-vous?, quel est votre lieu de travail?;

∎ on her way home from work en rentrant du travail

(e) (papers, material etc being worked on) travail m;

∎ to take work home prendre du travail à la maison;

∎ her work was all over the table son travail était étalé sur la table

(f) (creation, artefact etc) œuvre f; (on smaller scale) ouvrage m; Sewing ouvrage m;

∎ it's all my own work j'ai tout fait moi-même;

∎ it's an interesting piece of work (gen) c'est un travail intéressant; Art, Literature & Music c'est une œuvre intéressante;

∎ very detailed/delicate work (embroidery, carving etc) ouvrage très détaillé/délicat;

∎ these formations are the work of the wind ces formations sont l'œuvre du vent;

∎ the silversmith sells much of his work to hotels l'orfèvre vend une grande partie de ce qu'il fait ou de son travail à des hôtels;

∎ the complete works of Shakespeare les œuvres complètes ou l'œuvre de Shakespeare;

∎ a new work on Portugal un nouvel ouvrage sur le Portugal;

∎ a work of art une œuvre d'art;

∎ works of fiction des ouvrages de fiction

(g) (research) travail m, recherches fpl;

∎ there hasn't been a lot of work done on the subject peu de travail a été fait ou peu de recherches ont été faites sur le sujet

(h) (deed) œuvre f, acte m;

∎ good works bonnes œuvres fpl;

∎ each man will be judged by his works chaque homme sera jugé selon ses œuvres;

∎ charitable works actes mpl de charité, actes mpl charitables;

∎ the murder is the work of a madman le meurtre est l'œuvre d'un fou

(i) (effect) effet m;

∎ wait until the medicine has done its work attendez que le médicament ait agi ou ait produit son effet

(j) Physics travail m

2 intransitive verb

A.

(a) (exert effort on a specific task, activity etc) travailler;

∎ we worked for hours cleaning the house nous avons passé des heures à faire le ménage;

∎ they worked in the garden ils ont fait du jardinage;

∎ we work hard nous travaillons dur;

∎ she's working on a novel just now elle travaille à un roman en ce moment;

∎ a detective is working on this case un détective est sur cette affaire;

∎ he works at or on keeping himself fit il fait de l'exercice pour garder la forme;

∎ we have to work to a deadline nous devons respecter des délais dans notre travail;

∎ we have to work to a budget nous devons travailler avec un certain budget;

∎ I've worked with the handicapped before j'ai déjà travaillé avec les handicapés;

∎ I work with the Spanish on that project je travaille (en collaboration) avec les Espagnols sur ce projet

(b) (be employed) travailler;

∎ he works as a teacher il a un poste d'enseignant;

∎ I work in advertising je travaille dans la publicité;

∎ who do you work for? chez qui est-ce que vous travaillez?;

∎ she works in or for a bank elle travaille dans ou pour une banque;

∎ I work a forty-hour week je travaille quarante heures par semaine, je fais une semaine de quarante heures;

∎ to work for a living travailler pour gagner sa vie;

∎ Industry to work to rule faire la grève du zèle

(c) (strive for a specific goal or aim)

∎ to work for a good cause travailler pour une bonne cause;

∎ they're working for better international relations ils s'efforcent d'améliorer les relations internationales

(d) (study) travailler, étudier;

∎ you're going to have to work if you want to pass the exam il va falloir que tu travailles ou que tu étudies si tu veux avoir ton examen

(e) (use a specified substance) travailler;

∎ this sculptor works in or with copper ce sculpteur travaille avec le cuivre;

∎ she has always worked in or with watercolours elle a toujours travaillé avec de la peinture à l'eau

B.

(a) (function, operate → machine, brain, system) fonctionner, marcher;

∎ the lift doesn't work at night l'ascenseur ne marche pas la nuit;

∎ the lift never works l'ascenseur est toujours en panne;

∎ the radio works off batteries la radio fonctionne avec des piles;

∎ a pump worked by hand une pompe actionnée à la main ou manuellement;

∎ they soon got or had it working ils sont vite parvenus à le faire fonctionner;

∎ she sat still, her brain or her mind working furiously elle était assise immobile, le cerveau en ébullition;

∎ figurative everything worked smoothly tout s'est déroulé comme prévu;

∎ your idea just won't work ton idée ne peut pas marcher;

∎ this relationship isn't working cette relation ne marche pas;

∎ that argument works both ways ce raisonnement est à double tranchant;

∎ how does the law work exactly? comment la loi fonctionne-t-elle exactement?

(b) (produce results, succeed) marcher, réussir;

∎ it worked brilliantly ça a très bien marché;

∎ their scheme didn't work leur complot a échoué;

∎ that/flattery won't work with me ça/la flatterie ne prend pas avec moi

(c) (drug, medicine) agir, produire ou faire son effet

(d) (act) agir;

∎ the acid works as a catalyst l'acide agit comme ou sert de catalyseur;

∎ events have worked against us/in our favour les événements ont agi contre nous/en notre faveur;

∎ I'm working on the assumption that they'll sign the contract je pars du principe qu'ils signeront le contrat

C.

(a) (reach a condition or state gradually)

∎ to work loose se desserrer;

∎ to work free se libérer;

∎ the nail worked through the sole of my shoe le clou est passé à travers la semelle de ma chaussure

(b) (face, mouth) se contracter, se crisper

(c) (ferment) fermenter

3 transitive verb

A.

(a) (worker, employee, horse) faire travailler;

∎ the boss works his staff hard le patron exige beaucoup de travail de ses employés;

∎ you work yourself too hard tu te surmènes;

∎ to work oneself to death se tuer à la tâche;

∎ to work one's fingers to the bone s'user au travail

(b) (pay for with labour or service)

∎ they worked their passage to India ils ont payé leur passage en Inde en travaillant;

∎ I worked my way through college j'ai travaillé pour payer mes études à l'université

(c) (carry on activity in)

∎ he works the southern sales area il travaille pour le service commercial de la région sud;

∎ the pollster worked both sides of the street le sondeur a enquêté des deux côtés de la rue;

∎ figurative the candidate worked the crowd le candidat s'efforçait de soulever l'enthousiasme de la foule;

∎ a real-estate agent who works the phones un agent immobilier qui fait de la prospection par téléphone;

∎ she works the bars (prostitute) elle travaille dans les bars

(d) (achieve, accomplish)

∎ the new policy will work major changes la nouvelle politique opérera ou entraînera des changements importants;

∎ the story worked its magic or its charm on the public l'histoire a enchanté le public;

∎ to work a spell on sb jeter un sort à qn;

∎ to work miracles faire ou accomplir des miracles;

∎ to work wonders faire merveille;

∎ she has worked wonders with the children elle a fait des merveilles avec les enfants

(e) (make use of, exploit → land) travailler, cultiver; (→ mine, quarry) exploiter, faire valoir

B.

(a) (operate) faire marcher, faire fonctionner;

∎ this switch works the furnace ce bouton actionne ou commande la chaudière;

∎ he knows how to work the drill il sait se servir de la perceuse

(b) (manoeuvre)

∎ I worked the handle up and down j'ai remué la poignée de haut en bas;

∎ to work one's hands free parvenir à dégager ses mains;

∎ she worked the ropes loose elle a réussi à desserrer les cordes petit à petit

(c) (by slow progression)

∎ I worked my way along the ledge j'ai longé la saillie avec précaution;

∎ he worked his way down/up the cliff il a descendu/monté la falaise lentement;

∎ the beggar worked his way towards us le mendiant s'est approché de nous;

∎ they worked their way through the list ils ont traité chaque élément de la liste tour à tour;

∎ he's worked his way through the whole grant il a épuisé toute la subvention;

∎ a band of rain working its way across the country un front de pluie qui traverse le pays;

∎ they have worked themselves into a corner ils se sont mis dans une impasse

(d) familiar (contrive) s'arranger;

∎ she managed to work a few days off elle s'est arrangée ou s'est débrouillée pour avoir quelques jours de congé;

∎ I worked it or worked things so that she's never alone j'ai fait en sorte qu'elle ou je me suis arrangé pour qu'elle ne soit jamais seule

C.

(a) (shape → leather, metal, stone) travailler, façonner; (→ clay, dough) travailler, pétrir; (→ object, sculpture) façonner; Sewing (design, initials) broder;

∎ she worked the silver into earrings elle a travaillé l'argent pour en faire des boucles d'oreilles;

∎ she worked a figure out of the wood elle a sculpté une silhouette dans le bois;

∎ the flowers are worked in silk les fleurs sont brodées en soie;

∎ work the putty into the right consistency travaillez le mastic pour lui donner la consistance voulue

(b) (rub)

∎ gently work the cream into your hands massez-vous les mains pour faire pénétrer la crème;

∎ work the dye into the surface of the leather faites pénétrer la teinture dans le cuir

(c) (excite, provoke)

∎ the orator worked the audience into a frenzy l'orateur a enflammé ou a galvanisé le public;

∎ she worked herself into a rage elle s'est mise dans une colère noire

4 works

1 plural noun

(a) (mechanism) mécanisme m, rouages mpl; (of clock) mouvement m;

∎ familiar to foul up or to gum up the works tout foutre en l'air

(b) Building industry travaux mpl; (installation) installations fpl;

∎ road works travaux mpl; (sign) travaux;

∎ Minister/Ministry of Works ministre m/ministère m des Travaux publics

2 noun

(a) Industry (factory) usine f;

∎ a printing works une imprimerie;

∎ a gas works une usine à gaz;

∎ price ex works prix m sortie usine

(b) familiar (everything)

∎ the (whole) works tout le bataclan ou le tralala;

∎ they had eggs, bacon, toast, the works ils mangeaient des œufs, du bacon, du pain grillé, tout, quoi!;

∎ American to shoot the works jouer le grand jeu;

∎ American we shot the works on the project nous avons mis le paquet sur le projet;

∎ to give sb the works (special treatment) dérouler le tapis rouge pour qn; (beating) passer qn à tabac

5 at work

1 adjective

(a) (person)

∎ to be at work on sth/(on) doing sth travailler (à) qch/à faire qch;

∎ he's at work on a new book il travaille à un nouveau livre;

∎ they're hard at work painting the house ils sont en plein travail, ils repeignent la maison

(b) (having an effect)

∎ there are several factors at work here il y a plusieurs facteurs qui entrent en jeu ou qui jouent ici;

∎ there are evil forces at work des forces mauvaises sont en action

2 adverb

(at place of work)

∎ she's at work (gen) elle est au travail; (office) elle est au bureau; (factory) elle est à l'usine;

∎ I'll phone you at work je t'appellerai au travail;

∎ we met at work on s'est connus au travail

►► work area (in school, home) coin m de travail; Computing zone f de travail;

works band fanfare m (d'une entreprise);

work camp (prison) camp m de travail; (voluntary) chantier m de travail;

American work coat blouse f;

works committee, works council comité m d'entreprise;

work ethic = exaltation des valeurs liées au travail;

work experience stage m (en entreprise);

∎ the course includes two months' work experience le programme comprend un stage en entreprise de deux mois;

American work farm = camp de travail forcé où les détenus travaillent la terre;

Computing work file fichier m de travail;

work flow déroulement m des opérations;

work group groupe m de travail;

works manager directeur(trice) m,f d'usine;

work party (of soldiers) escouade f; (of prisoners) groupe m de travail;

work permit permis m de travail;

Computing work sheet feuille f de travail;

work space (at home) coin-travail m; (in office) & Computing espace m de travail;

∎ I need more work space j'ai besoin de plus d'espace pour travailler;

work surface surface f de travail;

American work week semaine f de travail

➲ work away intransitive verb

travailler;

∎ while he worked away at fixing the furnace tandis qu'il travaillait à réparer la chaudière;

∎ we worked away all evening nous avons passé la soirée à travailler

➲ work down intransitive verb

glisser;

∎ her socks had worked down around her ankles ses chaussettes étaient tombées sur ses chevilles

➲ work in separable transitive verb

(a) (incorporate) incorporer;

∎ work the ointment in thoroughly faites bien pénétrer la pommade;

∎ Cookery work the butter into the flour incorporez le beurre à la farine

(b) (insert) faire entrer ou introduire petit à petit;

∎ he worked in a few sly remarks about the boss il a réussi à glisser quelques réflexions sournoises sur le patron;

∎ I'll try and work the translation in some time this week (into schedule) j'essayerai de (trouver le temps de) faire la traduction dans le courant de la semaine

➲ work off separable transitive verb

(a) (dispose of → fat, weight) se débarrasser de, éliminer; (→ anxiety, frustration) passer, assouvir;

∎ I worked off my excess energy chopping wood j'ai dépensé mon trop-plein d'énergie en cassant du bois;

∎ he worked off his tensions by running il s'est défoulé en faisant du jogging;

∎ to work off one's anger on sb passer sa colère sur qn

(b) (debt, obligation)

∎ it took him three months to work off his debt il a dû travailler trois mois pour rembourser son emprunt

➲ work on

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (person) essayer de convaincre;

∎ we've been working on him but he still won't go nous avons essayé de le persuader mais il ne veut toujours pas y aller;

∎ I'll work on her je vais m'occuper d'elle

(b) (task, problem)

∎ the police are working on who stole the jewels la police s'efforce de retrouver celui qui a volé les bijoux;

∎ he's been working on his breaststroke/emotional problems il a travaillé sa brasse/essayé de résoudre ses problèmes sentimentaux;

∎ have you got any ideas? - I'm working on it as-tu des idées? - je cherche

(c) (use as basis)

∎ have you any data to work on? avez-vous des données sur lesquelles vous fonder?

2 intransitive verb

(continue to work) continuer à travailler

➲ work out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (discharge fully) acquitter en travaillant;

∎ to work out one's notice faire son préavis

(b) (calculate → cost, distance, sum) calculer; (→ answer, total) trouver;

∎ I work it out at £22 d'après mes calculs, ça fait 22 livres

(c) (solve → calculation, problem) résoudre; (→ puzzle) faire, résoudre; (→ code) déchiffrer;

∎ have they worked out their differences? est-ce qu'ils ont réglé ou résolu leurs différends?;

∎ I'm sure we can work this thing out (your problem) je suis sûr que nous pouvons arranger ça; (our argument) je suis sûr que nous finirons par nous mettre d'accord;

∎ things will work themselves out les choses s'arrangeront toutes seules ou d'elles-mêmes

(d) (formulate → idea, plan) élaborer, combiner; (→ agreement, details) mettre au point;

∎ to work out a solution trouver une solution;

∎ have you worked out yet when it's due to start? est-ce que tu sais quand ça doit commencer?;

∎ she had it all worked out elle avait tout planifié;

∎ we worked out an easier route nous avons trouvé un itinéraire plus facile

(e) (figure out) arriver à comprendre;

∎ I finally worked out why he was acting so strangely j'ai enfin découvert ou compris pourquoi il se comportait si bizarrement;

∎ the dog had worked out how to open the door le chien avait compris comment ouvrir la porte;

∎ I can't work her out je n'arrive pas à la comprendre;

∎ I can't work their relationship out leurs rapports me dépassent

(f) (mine, well) épuiser

2 intransitive verb

(a) (happen) se passer;

∎ it depends on how things work out ça dépend de la façon dont les choses se passent;

∎ the trip worked out as planned le voyage s'est déroulé comme prévu;

∎ I wonder how it will all work out je me demande comment tout cela va s'arranger;

∎ it all worked out for the best tout a fini par s'arranger pour le mieux;

∎ but it didn't work out that way mais il en a été tout autrement;

∎ it worked out badly for them les choses ont mal tourné pour eux

(b) (have a good result → job, plan) réussir; (→ problem, puzzle) se résoudre;

∎ she worked out fine as personnel director elle s'est bien débrouillée comme directeur du personnel;

∎ are things working out for you OK? est-ce que ça se passe bien pour toi?;

∎ did the new job work out? ça a marché pour le nouveau boulot?;

∎ it didn't work out between them les choses ont plutôt mal tourné entre eux;

∎ their project didn't work out leur projet est tombé à l'eau

(c) (amount to)

∎ how much does it all work out at? ça fait combien en tout?;

∎ the average price for an apartment works out to or at $5,000 per square metre le prix moyen d'un appartement s'élève ou revient à 5000 dollars le mètre carré;

∎ that works out at three hours a week ça fait trois heures par semaine;

∎ electric heating works out expensive le chauffage électrique revient cher

(d) (exercise) faire de l'exercice; (professional athlete) s'entraîner

➲ work over separable transitive verb

(a) American (revise) revoir, réviser

(b) familiar (beat up) tabasser, passer à tabac

➲ work round

1 intransitive verb

(a) (turn) tourner;

∎ the wind worked round to the north le vent a tourné au nord petit à petit

(b) figurative (in conversation)

∎ he finally worked round to the subject of housing il a fini par aborder le sujet du logement;

∎ what's she working round to? où veut-elle en venir?

2 separable transitive verb

∎ (bring round) I worked the conversation round to my salary j'ai amené la conversation sur la question de mon salaire

➲ work through

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (insert) faire passer à travers

(b) (progress through)

∎ we worked our way through the crowd nous nous sommes frayé un chemin à travers la foule;

∎ he worked his way through the book il a lu le livre du début à la fin;

∎ figurative I worked the problem through j'ai étudié le problème sous tous ses aspects

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (continue to work)

∎ she worked through lunch elle a travaillé pendant l'heure du déjeuner

(b) (resolve)

∎ he worked through his emotional problems il a réussi à assumer ses problèmes affectifs

➲ work up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (stir up, rouse) exciter, provoquer;

∎ he worked up the crowd il a excité la foule;

∎ he worked the crowd up into a frenzy il a rendu la foule frénétique;

∎ he works himself up or he gets himself worked up over nothing il s'énerve pour rien;

∎ she had worked herself up into a dreadful rage elle s'était mise dans une rage terrible

(b) (develop) développer;

∎ I want to work these ideas up into an article je veux développer ces idées pour en faire un article;

∎ to work up an appetite se mettre en appétit;

∎ we worked up a sweat/a thirst playing tennis jouer au tennis nous a donné chaud/soif;

∎ I can't work up any enthusiasm for this work je n'arrive pas à avoir le moindre enthousiasme pour ce travail;

∎ he tried to work up an interest in the cause il a essayé de s'intéresser à la cause

(c) (idiom)

∎ to work one's way up faire son chemin;

∎ she worked her way up from secretary to managing director elle a commencé comme secrétaire et elle a fait son chemin jusqu'au poste de P-DG;

∎ I worked my way up from nothing je suis parti de rien

2 intransitive verb

(a) (clothing) remonter

(b) (build up)

∎ the film was working up to a climax le film approchait de son point culminant;

∎ things were working up to a crisis une crise se préparait, on était au bord d'une crise;

∎ she's working up to what she wanted to ask elle en vient à ce qu'elle voulait demander;

∎ what are you working up to? où veux-tu en venir?

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > work

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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exploit labour

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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exploit labour

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